Conscience·Freedom·Good And Evil Of Human Nature

In Kant's ethics, there are multiple meanings in the category of conscience. Conscience was given two expressions: gutes Herz and Gewissen in Kant's original works. In Kant's view, gutes Herz is the ability that arbitrariness accepts the moral axioms into its criterion of behavior;In his view, Gewissen is not only a kind of voluntary consciousness but also a kind of moral judgement that is aimed at itself. In fact, the concept of conscience is the organism which includes the meanings of will, emotion and knowledge.As the ability that arbitrariness accepts the moral axioms into its criterion of behavior, conscience at first is a good-will, good will, in Kant's view. It is a will of complying with the moral axioms and of accepting the moral axioms into its criterion. Only after will has gotten rid of desire's ravelment, made people put their pursuit in happiness under their pursuit in moral character and obeyed the moral axioms, will becomes a pure will and a good will. And it impels people to do the moral things. When its pure form gets the subjective form in experience world, the good will becomes kindhearted moral motive, and that is the respect to the moral axioms. At this moment, conscience is good-emotion. As the respect to the moral axioms, good-emotion is a kind of moral emotion which is different from the natural emotion. It originates from the basis of intelligence and comes from the concept of ration. Certainly, conscience exists as the ability to judge behavioral goodness and evil and is the moral judgement that towards oneself. This is one of main meanings of Kant's concept of conscience: intuitive knowledge.As good-will, good-emotion, and intuitive knowledge, conscience is closely related to human's freedom essence. Good-will, good will, is a kind of pure will and is free in essence. It is a free will actually;Having gotten rid of the desire's ravelment and the target of desire, good-emotion,the respect to the moral axioms, is a lofty and free moral emotion;Intuitive knowledge, moral judgement, regards freedom as its gist and is the concrete embodiment of priori freedom.Conscience exists in people's natural endowment of moral quality and dominates human natures. But people's twofold property makes the tide of the perceptual desire flood the voice of conscience, and then the mankind causes evil on their body. And as the inherent conscious strength that makes people step towards goodness and honesty, conscience leads mankind to walk towards goodness firmly and walk in the limitless process that lead to the moral kingdom.