A Study Of US Foreign Economic Aid After World Warâ…¡

As the first country of holding up the foreign economic aid in the World,USA has had been a main force of foreign assistance in the international societyfor half a century, which serves as the reasons for the research done on thisfield from the point of view of America. No country can invest so much moneyin foreign aid as America does both in the amount of capital and in the scale.So my thesis is dedicated to four parts as well as the preface and conclusionto analyze the US foreign economic aid after World War II. Part I The definition and classifications of the foreign economic aid The definition of the scientific concept is the logical standpoint to dothe research. Professor Banfield once said that the economic foreign aid, onthe basis of technical assistance, capital grants and loans to undevelopedcountries for non-military purposes, had become a major feature of the USeconomic foreign policy. According to the definition by committee of OECD, theforeign economic aid is a transfer of resources based on concession, and cheapersoft loans compared with the loans in the world capital market. These loanscontain official appropriate funds or beneficial loans calculated by money orpracticality in order to transform the resources from the developed countriesto undeveloped countries on account of development or the distribution of earnedincome. The economic foreign assistance, essentially subordinate to the problemof development, is a replying strategy so as to find a proper solution todisasters and reduce the gap between poverty and richness in the whole world. We may find out that the foreign economic assistance can be classified intothree types such as donation, loan and other foreign aids. The donation refersto military and economic bestowal. The concept of foreign economic aid 61defined by the committee of OECD is the ODA (Official Development Assistance).According to the viewpoint of OECD, only the subtractive public resources thatare conducive to promote the economy, politics and conditions of socialproduction and living in the developing countries could be classified as economicforeign aid. So the thesis will mainly analyze the following concepts: OfficialDevelopment Assistance, Development Aid, Food Aid and ESF. Part II A historical review of the US foreign economic aid The US foreign economic aid was mainly military assistance in the 1950s,but primarily economic and technological aid with military aid dominating insome regions in the 1960s. During the period of the implement of the MarshallPlan, the objects of the foreign economic aid were mostly the West Europeancountries, then increasingly shifted to developing countries. The US foreigneconomic aid presented various characteristics in the following differentperiods: first, the US foreign economic aid policy was subordinate to its GlobalStrategy in the initial stage after the World War II; second, the US foreigneconomic aid pursued the general systematization and the legal systematizationin the 1960s; third, the US foreign economic aid transferred to economic andpolitical concern in the 1970s; fourth, the US foreign economic assistance hadforced that the country of receive aid carried through economic reform in the1980s; finally, the US foreign economic assistance policy stuck to democracyand human rights in the 1990s. During the period of the Cold War, the purpose of the US foreign economicaid was to be in a good position in the process of competing with the SovietUnion, which just revealed the essence of maintaining the benefits of thenational interests of US, and served as a tool of the US foreign aid policy.On account of weakening the adverse ideology color. As a result, the essence 62of the US foreign economic aid is still to maintain its national interests. Part III The factors influencing the US foreign economic aid Analyzing the...