The Research On The Scholars Community And Appearances In Five-Dynasty

Scholars were the intellectuals in traditional opinions. They were the excellent community, and leaded the culture and spiritual civilization in feudal society. Their mental attitude characteristic and behavior tendency were called Scholars' appearances, and represented the spirit of era typically. So the research on the scholars community and features can help us to understand the social conducts of era in depth and environmental key elements of political culture.The Five-Dynasty was in disorder outwardly, but it contained great change and development in essence. This special period played an important part in the history of scholars. The change of scholars community modified the social structure and propelled development of feudal system. Now the research on the scholars' fortune and features undoubtedly examines this period seriously, and benefits the reflection on intellectuals' self-conscience and construction of spiritual culture.There are four parts in this thesis. The preface mainly introduces the significance and purpose that the thesis chooses scholars as the object. For the weak study on this topic at present, this thesis wants to utilize some new methods, such as historiography and sociology, etc. to reveal the characteristic of the scholars and the appearances of this era.The first section makes a research on the scholars community and features. From the circumstance of the Five-Dynasty, the thesis exposes the miserable fortune of scholars. Next, the thesis defines the standard and range about scholars in this era. Put in sample in history and make a form to analyze these data. On this basis, the thesis analyzes the reason and orbit of personality drastic changes of scholars finally, and draws some conclusions about the scholars' features, such as cultural political caliber its low, loyal idea thin and philosophy of life tending to adaptability in tactics.The second section investigates the scholars' appearances, scholars' appearance of the Five-Dynasty meant the mental attitude value orientation and behavior way to become more and more a close one external to reflect. It is the ocular reflection the society originally. From the outward expression, the thesis sums up four scholars' appearances, and thinks that the social circumstance forced scholars or live in seclusionthe mountain and forest, or avoid the trouble to move south to; living in degradation and philosophy of life that make life secure became scholars leading idea, and have impetuous indulging custom unruly generally, so that the behavior eager for quick success. Finally, this thesis analyzes the reasons for the drastic change of the scholars.The third section wants to give a fairly and objective evaluation on the scholars in the Five-Dynasty. Despite these appearances of scholars, this thesis still thinks that they played an significant part in the history of scholars. They had broken scholar clan's monopolization, consolidated imperial examination system and played a key role to go on real road of "scholar's politics". They had already become the indispensable part of operation of the state apparatus consciously. The scholars actively took part in the revolution of this era and affected the Song Dynasty greatly.