Return To Literature Itself--Criticism On Abroad Culture Study

Chapter 1 Symptom Reading on Abroad Culture Study１.Culture Turning and Literary Theory Turning Culture Turning and Literary Turning are important key words in the context of nowadays literary theory research. They think that literary research has turned its directions from language to culture. There are many reasons caused it. Firstly, the life styles have turnaround; secondly, high-tech has effected and changed the culture; thirdly, aesthetic has came into the daily life; the last reason is that traditional literary research have no political idea of reference. For these reasons, some scholars think that the culture turning have made literary and literary theory changed in the essence. First, literary has disappeared; second, literary theory must turn its direction to culture study; literariness has ruled the society at all dimensions. Such argumentation proved that the traditional ideas of literary are not only narrow but also lost its life. Under such context the literary research is inevitable plunge into crisis. We should welcome the coming of Abroad Culture Era.2. Questions in the Abroad Culture study. The essence of the so-called abroad Culture study is proposing an abroad study. It clears up the traditional idea of literary and literary theory. It thinks that literary theory should study the vision rather than text; then we can enter into the Abroad Literary Era. The abroad culture studies supplant the aesthetic principle. It isn't focus on the artistic of literary text. It regards the culture meaning and exterior relations of text. Sometime it doesn't care literary itself at all. Most of all, this trend of thoughts is based on the culture theory of Europe and America. It is ivory-towered seriously. It has no criticized and oppugns and doesn't care about the reality compared with the Frankfurt School and the Culture Materialism. Meanwhile, the so-called literariness has ruled the society at all dimensions is the representation of literary deification. It is the theory's hegemony. As an important dimension of modern literary theory, culture studies represent the questions of literary theory. First, the discourses of theory are heteronomous. Second, inundate of the object and the subject has been marginally. Thought must change with the development of society. Perspectiveness, realism, criticism and self-reflection are the characters of theory researching. But thoughts must face some eternal questions. The anxieties of interpretive and misread of meaning are both the short-perspective of theory that would make us embarrassed. So literary theory must return to its original object, which is literature. Because some basis questions are not solved, such as, what is the literature? What is the literature theory? This need we focused on these questions. In order to solve these basis questions we should in the logic of literature theory. We can learn from René Wellek's literature theory.Chapter2 René Wellek's Literarure TheoryRené Wellek made his success in literature history, literary theory and the history of literary critism. There is a main thoughts through his study, that is Literature Itself.1. The object of literary theory study should be centered on text. 2.Emphasis the perspectiveness during the literature theory study.3. Literature theory study should have scientism. According to Wellek's Literarure Theory we can learn that he focused on following questions. First, independence consciousness of subject; second, the concept and term should be clear or distinct?; third, theory study should keep necessarily tension between theory and literarature. Wellek's Literarure Theory has realistic meaning nowadays. We are also facing some similiar or same questions as he had answered. This tells us that we should hold our ground and criticize ceaselessly. So we can construct or deconstruct on literature theory.Chapter 3 The end-result of literature study?is return to literature itself1.The cognition of literarure theoryFirst, literature is...