A Study On The Nominal Definition Of Modern Chinese

The nominal definition is a important part to the explanation of the word and phrase which is studied not only by lexical semantic and lexicography but also by logic. However, there exists severe deficient in the past definition study, especially to the traditional logic. The traditional logic can not define clearly the nominal definition, can not distinguish the real definition effectively from the nominal definition, and can not study deeply to the definitional methods and definitional rules of the nominal definition . In order to better the traditional definition theory so that it can play a more important role on the concrete course as a tool ,the dissertation bases the study on modern Chinese , use the achievement of the lexical semantics and lexicography for reference.First of all ,the article summarizes the different between the nominal definition and the real definition, gives a brief account of the achievement and the deficient in the definition methods and rules of the nominal definition of the traditional logic, lexical semantic and lexicography.In the second, the dissertation elaborate the viewpoints to the nominal definition and its' appliance in the language lexicography. The target of the nominal definition is symbol including the words and phrases in the natural language. Saying from the modern Chinese, it includes morpheme ,word and phrase. The range of the nominal definition is the meanings, which is embodied in intension and extension. Intension is something that a language expressing model connected with its intension, may be principles to discern extension in the probable world, and it may be the reflection of the natural trait of objective things or subjective things. Extension is to discern this and that target according to the principle. Viewing from the language expressing model , the defined term the nominal definition is a morpheme , a word, or a phrase. At the same time , the definition term is a word, a phrase or a sentence. Compared with the real definition and the explanation of the word and phrase, the nominal definition includes the real definition, the explanation of the word and phrase include the nominal definition. In the language dictionary, the nominal defined of illustration was used , which would rather disclose the science conception expressed by the defined word and phrase than exposing the meanings properly according to the custom formed in our society .In the third, the language information is chosen from the Modern Chinese Dictionary at random in order to analyze the model of the nominal definition in modern Chinese . The nominal definition can be divided into the purified nominal definition and the dual nominal definition. The purified nominal definition depend on language method, including the conversion of the word and phrase , and the morpheme analyses model . The dual nominal definition can also express the real definition besides nominal definition ,which must depend on the acknowledge of the word and phrase referred to . The dual nominal definition can be formed by the species plus generic difference,example and divide.We consider that it is explanation rather than the nominal definition including the explaining of the word forms and phonetics ,instancing ,the acknowledge of the word and phrase referred to, the reference adopting the summarizing method to introduce the word and phrase and so on..In the end , the article discusses the validities of definition rule in the definition theory at present and concludes that most of the traditional logical definition rule is too absolute through the great analyses to the assorted model of the definition of word and phrase. To the definition of word and phrase, the rules are not fitful at large. Therefore , the dissertation emphasize that the language of the nominal definition must be concise .