A Study On The Family Background Of Jinshies In Shanghai In Ming And Qing Dynasty

Shanghai was one of the development areas of Imperial Examinations. But all the studies on Shanghai till now were concentrated on politics, economy, and cultures of Shanghai in modern society and so on. And disquisitions on Imperial Examinations was absorbed in system itself but ignored the material aspect on it. By researching the basic instance, primary identity, family background and marriage status etc thoroughly of Jinshies in Shanghai in Ming and Qing Dynasty, this paper attempted to find out family background, society relations and others affected on succeeding in becoming Jinshies, farther to probe into flowage instance and equality of Imperial Examinations. Undoubtedly, it was very significant to substantiate the study on Imperial Examinations.The paper is consisted of five chapters. The main points of each part are as follows.Chapter One: The basic distribution status of Jinshies in Shanghai in Ming and Qing Dynasty. There were 865 Jinshies in Shanghai which distributed varies areas, times, surnames and others, and these varies resulted from Ming and Qing Government adopted different policies of politics, economy, adding to different times of areas and levels at culture and education.Chapter Two: The primary identity of Jinshies. By researching the primary status of Jinshies, we can find that they most born from affluent families or accepted some imburse. It was hard to insist on if they had no support from government and family, because years of Imperial Examinations cost a large of time and money owing to taking examinations again and again for competing drasticly.Chapter Three: The family background of Jinshies. Observed from the distribution of clans, we can find that there were many clans of having several Jinshies, which showed these Jinshies came from the families of succeeding in Imperial Examinations of owning a high status of politics and economy. Besides, by researching the family background of Jinshies ,we can learn that most Jinshies origined from the families of officials for generations of owninga high status of politics and economy.Chapter Four: The marriage and contact of Jinshies. On reviewing the object to marriage of Jinshies, we can learn that most object to marriage came from the families of Jinshies and officials for generations equivalent to them which affected positively their succeeding in becoming Jinshies.Chapter Five: Representative cases analysis. From the cases we can draw a conclusion that most of the father or grandfather of Jinshies were literate and different branches of a clan showed lopsided consistently with the status of politics, economy and culture.Above all, their succeeding in becoming Jinshies received restrictof all kinds of factors, containing themselves primary identity, family background, and the object to marriage and so on. All these showed that succeeding in becoming Jinshies based on determinate politics and economy. Imperial Examinations themselves embodied "equality" ideas hardly came true in reality for confining from inequality factors such as politics and economy.