| Lu Xun, as one of the important writers in Modern Chinese Literature, is studied by the scholars of new generation, which to a great extent have already got rid of political badgers and demonstrated complicated thought and artistry as a unique spiritual individual. However, the depth mode of far-reaching significance and the mode of thinking that Lu Xun established for Chinese literature history, as well as its contemporary heritance and variation, has always been the weak point of the studies of Lu Xun. Wang Xiaobo, the newly emerged thought-typed writer in the 1990s, has inheritted Lu Xun's spirit of paying close attention to the relation between "individual and community", drawing insights from the new western liberalist views, and extending Lu Xun's "anti-philistinism" theme in the cultural contexts of quasi-individuals. His objection to totalitarianism and autocracy is exactly the development of Lu Xun's paradox that counters both the tradition and modernism. Particularly, his exploration of literary ideology and the artistic form of 'game' mode is the highlight of the individuality emancipation in Chinese literature.This thesis consists of three parts. Article I states the path of thought and internal clues from Lu Xun to Wang Xiaobo. Chapter one is the production of paradox and the evolution of theme. Lu Xun's culture paradox thought includes three aspects. First is the perception of the confliction of various exotic cultures between their values and functions. Second is the individual enlightener's self-related contradiction in the face of one's own native culture and values. Third is the paradox of person construction in the whole external cultural world, that is, the problem of relationship between criticism individual and the individual in the community.First two paradoxes are foremost problems need to be solved when Lu Xun confront the "enlightenment and salvation" theme, whereas the last paradox has more individual perceptual color. Though Lu Xun's concern mainly submitted to mighty narration, it exhibits Lu Xun's profound and desperate feeling to the first two culture paradoxes, and furthermore produce the theme mode of "the mighty breaks through".In contrast, in the cultural paradox context that Wang Xiaobo faces, the depressiveanxiety when individual criticizes the tradition does exist, but it is more concealing and diversiform. To criticize the tradition has the legitimacy and subjectivity to a great extent. On the other hand, the self-confliction of cultural value and function related to Lu Xun's times becomes much fragmentary and complicated for the disintegration of system by consumerism and the dual character of compromise.Finally, Wang Xiaobo emphasizes the thinking value of the person construction in the cultural world, this especially displayed in his consideration of alliance of moral consciousness and power consciousness in Chinese traditional culture. Then, this thesis starting from the triple relation among "self, "ego" and "ultra-ego" of culturally psychological personality, combining the experiences and thought background of Lu Xun and Wang Xiaobo, analyses Lu's culture personality location of "ultra-ego", the causes leading to "the mighty breaks through" schemata, and how Wang Xiaobo represents the psychological location of "urchin game" from the re-figuration of 'ultra-ego' that expresses the principle of 'self and 'ego'. And thus it demonstrates the cultural connections and distinctions between them, pointing out the significance of the shift from the theme "the mighty breaks through" to that of "urchin game". Chapter two analyses the similarity and distinction between Lu Xun's constantly evolved dialectics characterized of "self-denial" and Wang Xiaobo's "community denial" characterized of "lenient rational" in paradoxical culture logic. This chapter points out that Lu Xun sees essentially not only the implacable contradictions of both sides of the paradox, and also the truth contained in both sides. Lu Xun's "denial philosophy", from the "self-denial" of the ongoing community, achieving the purpose "community denial" , is a kind of" denying dialectics " that is " producing constantly ". Meanwhile, this text point out Lu Xun deny several prerequisite that dialectics establish too (1, scientific differentiation. 2, the individual's entity 3 , dialectical attitude. It has a potential danger too. If break away from the culture linguistic context of the times, break away from the paradox mode of thinking, having broken away from the essential logic precondition, Lu Xun's philosophy will be simplified, distorted by the power order, and then become a kind of morals and judge , becomes the power order and takes advantage of the morals and collective name finally, control to the individual and the orthopaedic tool. Meanwhile , in Wang Xiaobo's cultural logic , there are three prerequisites too: First , utilize methodology of the falsfication doctrine , advance thephilosophy thought" against Utopia " against" community's doctrine ". Second , it is pulling out vulgar game realm to exceed and describe. Third , relent the low-key foundation of reason. Wang Xiaobo replaces " denying oneself " holding back in Lu Xun's reason with " the community denies ", thus derive out more pure personal entity. The spirit of the game that he has stressed intelligence , beauty , dignity , brave ,etc, so as to keep the practicality set against of two yuan, 2 yuan preventing the Lu Xun type from also has been set against leading to the fact the passivism consequence . He insists the paradox type observes the psychological ability to analyse China's concrete culture incident, it insist to "this in " reason paying close attention to and theory practicality,it is for prerequisite not logic , paradox of predicament not to come " denying oneself" after developing Lu Xun, it is to degree to use the value of the " happy " and " interesting common customs " with rational reason and experience, criticize the doctrine thought with scientific reason , has offered the new possibility for reconstruction of the spiritual value of China's reason.Chapter three point out, sign on morals there is for human civilization development, but it last people set in one's own on chains. Confront with each other between mighty narration and common customs reason, cause the connection and difference on dealing with the morals between Lu Xun and Wang Xiaobo. To the old morals and new and ethical two-way introspection, has been an important respect of Lu Xun's thought all the time . But act as Lu Xun in the face of the suppressing to the individual of community in the whole social ideological trend, but has caused its paradox and division with ideal morals. Meanwhile, this kind of paradox reflects on Wang Xiaobo too. On the other hand, the thinking of ethical paradox of Lu Xun and Wang Xiaobo, realize from two sides of revolution and sex mainly. But as for Lu Xun , ponder over and submit to revolutionary mighty narration the morals of the sex, Wang Xiaobo start with from sex to revolutionary subversion , analyze China contemporary culture morals of current situation awkward.Chapter four telling the two periods of times , intellectual's cultural personality is reinvented. Lu Xun belongs to China " The modern intellectual " Symbol . He adheres to the independent consciousness of the individual free love, genius rebel's thought, all become the model of the Chinese intellectual.But with culture linguistic context changes , construct with social public transformation and social modernity of stratum of space again, and the identityof the middle class of the intellectual of accurate individual era is shifted , experience large quantities of scholars , writer in the 1990s Lu Xun, " the thought ruptured ". How situation in new era reinvents the intellectual's " organic sex ", has become the great subject of present intellectual's personality construction, and Wang Xiaobo has provided great enlightenment for us exactly . He adheres to the democratic and free positions of the observation method and individualism of a kind of paradox type, it is the oppression of the reason to object to mighty narration. This to to inherit and develop Lu Xun, for independent individualism establishment of words completely one too. At the same time, he has found a best equalization point in " responsibility ethics " and " intention ethics " of the relation between " individual and community " through liberalism philosophy of toughness. Finally, Wang Xiaobo insists and explores sincerely from two respects of the practicality and surmounting , reproduce foundation of laying for contemporary China " organic intellectual ".Middle part page: The powerhouse's breakthrough and artistic view of the urchin's game. Chapter one spoken the transition narrating the visual angle in the novels of Lu Xun and Wang Xiaobo. This text points out , the relation between reader , narrator , author, is an important category of the mode that the novel works narrate, the question of narration calling and visual angle that it produces , has reflected accumulating and thought intension in unique art of the works especially. The narration visual angle of Lu Xun's novel, has developed narrators' ability further, focus on and hide the tactics with the backstage supporter after forming the front desk, that is to say personages have taken action and has been given entity, and the persons who narrate go and live in seclusion , with personages, imply authors to transform into multiple irony function, this has strengthened the powerhouse's sense of duty and ethical consciousness too. Compared with it, Wang Xiaobo's novel narrates the unique value of the visual angle lies in , Wang Xiaobo has offered a urchin shuttling back and forth like the spirit of each space-time freely visual angle to us. With pioneer novel, of new generation novel, write or paint realistically difference of the novel lie in newly, imply authors and has not totally retired and made way for personages , has not visited the edge visual angle that goes, have one narration subject of division of Lu Xun type still more , turn environment of paradox ultra and pulling out vulgar value realm to three-dimensional, have strengthened the surmounting of urchin's visual angle and criticizing. Meanwhile,first narrator (king two ),specific children personage(Li Jing, there is the high guests, Xue Xian Wang) with implying there aren't author. A deep thinking , children of collecting reason are hospitable and imagining appearing with the integTative " person who narrate " with strong entity, game forming a kind of value and talking. 2 king , narrator , and implying authors to strengthen convergent inclination constantly, weave in through different narration aspect card subvert as dominant position of" only truth subject" each other constantly.Chapter two mentioned the question structured in space-time that Lu Xun and Wang Xiaobo narrate. Lu Xun novel is it construct one unique narration space-time mode to build, namely double-line of the paradox type set against the space-time structure, each the apparent in, seal by space-time sluggish,and pieces of potential ones , , space-time that advance constantly that improves. This is that the antagonism of time is constructed again, thus stressed on the sex altogether that transforms the meaning in the masses' life of the idea of close space-time of compatriot's circulation to existing. Meanwhile, this kind of space-time sets against, full of relations of multiple irony again, namely pay close attention to two space-time idea affirm and deny at the same time, total space-time characteristic demonstrate the sense of depression and deeply worried sense. In Wang Xiaobo's novel, mythical space-time system opposite instead with Lu Xun, Wang Xiaobo is it set up one belong to the game space-time of" free , intelligence , sex " to do one's utmost. It has a basic game a Fan type: In game space-time when set against the two poles of a mythology , running through thinking of a relation: Power and individual life relation of will, it desalinize but strong tragic consciousness that produces the novel confront with each other, and then turn it into leisurely and carefree game spirit in a kind of paradox. It controls the game as the core with sex game and power . Its cardinal principle is: " make joyful ". Game saboteurs have caused another kind to confront with each other to the getting involved by force of the game, and the face-off of the saboteur and player has been turned into and played, it is autocratic to be cleared up . Meanwhile, the involvement of the factor becomes the biggest saboteur in reality life, the game is destroyed or ended finally, player's death or leaving. This chapter regards " Wanshousi " as and understands the text, has analysed that sums up.Chapter three written the transformation of the key image of literature with Lu Xun and Wang Xiaobo and construct again. Wang Hui once summed up the key image of Lu Xun'sliterature as " silence " (life state)," take people " with " wasteland " (survive the state). ,This three major images are regarded as the sign of Lu Xun's literature profundity mode (the powerhouse's breakthrough ), not only the realistic significant incident of China under the paradox at beginning of the century, has but also already become key theme and key image that China has been close to literary world for over half a century. To era new development, most writer is it is it make limiting , demonstrate the new aesthstic style and features of literature to break through to fail.Wang Xiaobo attempts to excavate and lose individual's unique spirit of revolt under the words right state, namely the game image of sexual love. " take people " image is between Lu Xun and old China power control relation deepest thinking one of ". Wang Xiaobo has extended Lu Xun's thinking to that power controls the relation from setting out for the angle of entity, expand it to a kind of ubiquitous " penalty " image in life. Penalty has been entrusted to more deep and more broad cultural meaning, become the ironclad proof of power interfering , controlling , individual life free game will. Meanwhile,let's see " keep silent" and not" take by people " being when being break out of the encirclement been powerhouse we community last way, " wasteland " powerhouse heart desperate psychology experience while breaking out of the encirclement. In Wang Xiaobo's works, " sexual love " is denying to constraining state of individual " keeping silent", and " penalty " signifies the course in life in power is controlled, " eat to people " the continuity and promotion of the image, the playground is that a urchin whose body condemns and fines shows one's own stage . Three these have image meant to signify can to chase preface go on , appear for the circulation situation, or knot of each other. Since creates the inherent psychology to " sex game "," penalty " image of main body to experience in " playground ", it is unique value realm and spiritual atlas appearing out in " sexual love " ," penalty " too. It permeates " sexual love ", in " penalty ", is shown as and filled the air among a lot of functional detail, scene and personage in the text too.Chapter four retranslating to history of historical novel of miscellaneous culture of Lu Xun and Wang Xiaobo. Essay historical novel, is a great contribution to the historical novel of Lu Xun. Lu Xun's essay historical novel, draw the folk comedy tradition , has mixed the rational logical thinking with strong essay and explanation to history of novel, and unique paradox philosophy view, create into a kind of unique historical novel. Its originality lies in ,it has insisted on the criticizing and paradox combination, the reality and imagining combination, history and game combination. Whether until " story newly organize ", I think Lu Xun has three mainsprings. Is it construct again to national mythology to pass on one hand , look for nationality vigorous original the beginning power and origin of spirit. On the other hand, namely " with ancient to mock today ", illuminate such original power and spirit of the beginning, in the contemporary culture current situation that shrinks , declining , cause and criticize considering with culture. The third motive is to experience and comb and summarize one's own history that is transported of tragic life that" the powerhouse breaks out of the encirclement" with the individual's paradox type. Similar to Lu Xun, in Wang Xiaobo's historical doctrine is created, there are four motives too: In another deduction in " legend Tang " , develop Tang people magical and romantic imagination and self-confidence. Second, it attempt it create through historical novel, whose name is Lu Xun " with the more ancient to mock today " tradition publicize . Third , regard history as thinking in the breakthrough points of the individual and power relation, through unclogging and readjust to history and reality and criticism, strengthen the thinking that is transported of tragic life opposing power to the individual. Fourth, the try of form innovation of literature. Then, this chapter is by " mending it ", " paying attention to water " to Nukua's mythology and Da Yu's mythical constructing again, " look for " to Tang legend constructing with Wang Xiaobo conduct compare again " unparalleled to spread, to analyse two kinds of historical novel inner link from Lu Xun to Wang Xiaobo and make a variation. Meanwhile, this chapter is pointed out, historical irony, it is an important artistic characteristics of historical novels of Lu Xun and Wang Xiaobo. In " reorganization of the story ", irony not only appears with the appearance of language irony directly but also permeate the novel in the form of situation irony more, reflect a kind of wide life tragedy is experienced and criticized with deep reason. Equally, in situation irony, Lu Xun self- kinds of historical tragedy of paradox type this experience with the culture psychology that " the powerhouse breaks out of the encirclement ", the design of narrating , theme and plot is had after pouring into oneself further. And Wang Xiaobo's formulation irony attempts to set up the narration form of a kind of exchange between realism and modernism of the introspection. It attempts to pass the story , personage , even narrator's own constant subversions correctly, cause it to the world and from more tolerant and more openunderstanding in my position.Article II: The powerhouse's division and the urchin's nightmare. Chapter one spiritual predicaments and crises under different eras. Lu Xun insists on the breakthrough posture that " desperate that resists ", insists on practicality and surmounting double pursuit, however, the ones that have gone through the youth's fight passion and middle age are steady, Lu Xun will permeate a kind of desperate tired out sense in old age unavoidably, have caused the strengthening constantly of death consciousness. Equally, this kind of division appears on Wang Xiaobo's body in various degree too. But on Wang Xiaobo, it is that kind of paradox agony that " the powerhouse breaks out of the encirclement " to be not simple, traditional modern, but " game urchin " individual face strong community " legitimacy " crisis at the reality. Wang Xiaobo must face two questions , is the surmounting tense relation of realistic character between game value realm and practicality that is promoting constantly at first. Limit perceptual to crazy about rational doctrine in thought is it cause game inherent and nervous to criticize to novel form secondly. It is after complexity and predicament not difficult on it is exactly one's own, last Wang Xiaobo death to a certain extent " " accept by ambiguous and confusion of history. One Wang Xiaobo of paradox type Lu Xun , face one culture absurd condition that linguistic context rewrites again of paradox again.The last chapter, the author points out that the value and significance of Wang Xiaobo's "urchin game" mode succeeding to Lu Xun. Xiaobo's exquisite sense of the requirements of changes of times for literature, forgrounding the position of individual freedom in writing, advocating the particular strength of wisdom and humor, has established new literary thought and aesthetic system milestone in modern literature. He respond to dual-emancipated trend of the evolved thought and desire of the literature in new times, having inheritted Lu Xun's suspicion and rational spirit, illuminating the current situation of lost faith in literature world with new literature connotation, and refusing false tender emotions and sentiment. He rejects the ambiguous literature tradition, finding an exalted way in literature expression similar to that of the ancient Greece and Renaissance era, which are regarded as the beginning of human civilization. Xiaobo has opened up the literature profundity mode in Chinese literature that is greatly different from Lu Xun, and with the creative and happy "game spirit" he injects new glamour for the literature Utopia of China. In the Chinese ContemporaryLiterature history, the practical significance of Wang Xiaobo's game spirit is very remarkable too. Such free and bold imagination constitutes a threat to words taboo of major trend, meanwhile, activating critics, authorities in the literature history and other writers' desires. How to abandon the burden of seriousness and exaltation of the opposition of duality to re-obtain the free sense, and not fall into the mire of nihilism , Wang Xiaobo provides us a kind of possibility.
|
PDF Full Text Request