Study On Paradoxes Of Rational Behavior

Being a marginal and cross-disciplinary research area, logical paradox has long beenone of the core issues studied in logistics, and proves to be functional in finding outproblems and solving them. Alfred Tarski has said that “In the modern science of logicparadox, the establishment of the theoretical knowledge has the role of excellence.” Theconflicts, inevitable between the subjective understandings and the objective facts inhuman’s process of knowing the world, would grow ever sharper under certaincircumstances and express themselves as paradoxes. Therefore, paradoxes are in essencethe conflicts between dialectics and metaphysics and methods based on formal logic. Theformation of paradoxes vividly shows how human beings started to view the worldrationally after metaphysics and absolute opinions got frustrated, and how they gotinspired in their understanding of nature and its laws for several philosophicalbreakthroughs. In this sense, what paradox can bring to science must be great creativityand fast development.Paradoxes of rational, a new type of pragmatic paradoxes concerning many practicaldisciplines, bridge the gap between logical paradox and various practices in society. Thisresearch attempts to analyze the significance of studies on such paradoxes by analyzingseveral typical paradoxes such as vote paradox—one concerning political strategy,chain-store paradox—one influential in economy field and prisoner dilemma—one closelyrelated to game theory, and working on the factors resulting in them.Based on the definition, classification and reconciliation standards of logical paradox,this research has combined such methods as literature review, descriptive research, graphicillustration and multi-disciplinary study in analyzing the five typical paradoxes ofrationality—vote paradox, prisoner dilemma, Newcomb’s paradox, chain-store paradoxand Centipede paradox. Further efforts have been made to probe into the causes of suchparadoxes and their “rationality”. Besides, the researcher has also studied paradoxes ofrationality in the sense of rationality control and concluded that what bringssuchparadoxes into being is the disagreement in rationality standards. Such a research has great implications on “rational selection” not only at theoreticallevel but also at practicallevel.