The Study On The General Will Theory Of Rousseau

"People are born free, but always in the chains."J.J.Rousseau, one of the French enlightening thinkers in the 18th century, the first person towards the inherent contradiction and crisis of modern society, which is brought to by the reason and science and technology, expresses unprecedented worry and deep thinking. In the face of the losing of the national citizen's spirit, the corruption of social morality, the confusion of the national order, Rousseau attempts to rebuild people's sovereignty with the General Will theory, the ideal republic, in which morals are to the best, and realizes the equality, freedom and public happiness of all citizens. General Will is a public will and the upper guide of the sovereignty community, and it, which is the measure of all, represents the public interests and social happiness of the community. The General Will with the inherent features, which is established through the social agreement, is characteristic of correct forever, not transferable, being most lofty. Just because of this intension and characteristic of General Will, General Will is made "the peak of political science" and the "soul" of Rousseau's whole political philosophy ideological system. Rousseau's General Will theory is not produced without foundation, and it has the outer fringe environment in specific era and the inherent resources during the time of long history. They, which include the appreciation of the priori tradition of France's native country, the Suspicion of Britain's empiricism, the limitless sympathy on human suffering life, the incomparable hope of mankind's free equal society, the unique personal experience of life and Geneva complex, are the outer fringe environment in which Rousseau's General Will theory is produced. At the same time, they, which include the city state spirit of classical era, the idea of the republic, the concept of sovereign right in modern times, the thoughts of human rights, are the thought origin that Rousseau's General Will theory produces. Though the domestic and international academia expresses different views and passes different judgments towards General Will theory of Rousseau all the time, Rousseau is undoubtedly great, and his General Will theory is undoubtedly deep. The political philosophy thought of Rousseau, which takes General Will as its soul, is not only like a raging fire, which burns the practicing activities of France revolution and American independent revolutions at that time directly, but also like a long source and course that flow without end, which is spreading permanent thought glamour.