The Research Of Tombs Of Bohai In Hailanjiang River——Tumenjiang River Valley

One of the ruling center of Bohai Regime was The Hailanjiang River -Tumenjiang River valley which the Middle Capital and The East Capitalwere located in.The author studied the Bohai tombs which were found in the aera.There are seven parts in this paper.Part one:prefaceThe Hailanjiang River------Tumenjiang River valley is mainly consistedof the east of Yanbian Korean Nationality Autonomous Prefecture Of Jilin Province(including Yanji Country.Tumenjiang Country ,Longjing Country ,Helong Country ,Wangqing Country Hunchun Country of Jilin Province) and some parts of the North-West of the Republic Of North Korea. During the 1930s and 1940s,the Japanese carried out the surveys and excavations in the aera.After the People Republic Of China was established , the archaeologists in our country worked in this area too. They found and excavated many tombs,such as Tomb of ZhenXiao Princess Tomb and Beidatomb.At the same time , some archaeologists studied the Bohai tombs and had made much achievement. But they only paid close attention to the total condition of the tombs .They haven't neither concerned the tombs in a specific aera ,nor compared the tombs in different areas. The author studiedthe tombs in the Hailanjiang River------Tumenjiang River valley, comparedthem with the others in different areas and found their character.Part two: the shape and structure of the tombsThe author divided them into three types: the earth hole tomb, the stone tomb and the brick tomb, according to the different stuff of the tombs.Type A: the earth hole tombOnly one was found in this regionType B: the stone tombThis kind of tomb is more than others. The author divided them into threetypes------the stone cave tomb,the stone coffin tomb and the stone chambertomb,according to the different constructive pattern.Type B I :the stone cave tombThere are few stone cave tombs,with four frame were stoned ,and without stone cover. They were heaped earth orestone cover mound. The author called the tombs which were used earth Fengtu tomb(type B I -l),and those which used stone Fengshi tomb(type B I -2).Type BII :the stone coffin(outer coffin) tombThere are few stone coffin tombs too. Their four frames were stoned. Each top was laid a slabstone at first ,then much earth was heaped cover the mound. The author called some tombs with the wood coffin the stone outer coffin tomb. Some tombs without the wood coffins were called the stone coffin tomb. The author couldn't differentiate the stone coffin with the stone outer coffin because the wood coffins rotted easily. So he called all tombs of this type the stone coffin(outer coffin)tomb.Type BlILthe stone chamber tombThe archaeologist had found many tombs of this type, which is the main type of Bohai tombs. The way to construct them was: at first ,after three frames were stoned, the corpse was put in .Then, the remained frame was sealed with stone. Or when the four frames were being building, one of them was set a door .The next ,the four frames were laid a slabstone on the top, and much earth was heaped over the mound. Some stone chamber tombs have tomb passage and corridor. According to these tombs have tomb passagewhether or not, the author divided them into two types------type BlII-l(thosehave tomb passages)and type BlII-2(those haven't tomb passages). The tombs of the type BIII-1 are bigger than the tombs of the Bill -2 generally.Type C: the brick chamber tombThere are few brick chamber tombs in the region .The author divided it into two types.Part three: the burial type ,the burial custom and the burial utensil.Among all the Bohai tombs in the Hailanjiang River------TumenjiangRiver Valley,some are only one corpse laid in ,and some are several corpses or two corpses laid in.These tombs which several corpses or two corpses werelaid in are majority.The cremation mark is not general .The coffin nails,thecoffin rings ......which are related to the wood coffin were found in manytombs.Part four: the burial articleThe potteries,the gold utensils and the copper utensils are the main burialarticles in the Bohai tombs in The Hailanjiang River------Tumenjiang RiverValley.Part five: the age of the Bohai tombs in The Hailanjiang River ------Tumenjiang River ValleyAt first,the author divided the Bohai tombs into several zones. They are the middle reaches of Songhuajiang River ,the upper reaches of Mudan River,the middle -lower reaches of Mudan River and the Hailanjiang River------Tumenjiang River Valley. Then he discussed the age of the differenttombs in different zone,identify the age of the Bohai tombs in The HailanjiangRiver------Tumenjiang River Valley, the author divide the age of Bohai intothree ages.The early age is from the eastablish of Bohai to middle of Tianbao .The middle age is from middle of Tianbao to AD794.The late age is from AD794 to end of Bohai.The age of tombs in middle reaches of Songhuajiang River is from North an South Danasty to The middle age of Bohai . The age of tombs in the upper reaches of Mudan River is early age of Bohai and middle age of Bohai. The age of tombs in the middle-lower reaches of Mudan River is late age of Bohai. The age of tombs in in The HailanjiangRiver------Tumenjiang River Valleyis middle age of Bohai and late age ofBohai.Part six: the character of Bohai tombs in The Hailanjiang River------Tumenjiang River Valley and its relationship with the other nationalitiesand regions.The author studied the character of the Bohai tombs in The HailanjiangRiver ------Tumenjiang River Valley and its relationship with the othernationalities and regions,according to the tomb types and structures ,the burial types,the burial custom ,the burial utensils,the burial articles and wall...