On The Account Of Occurance Of Copula From Perspectives Of Psychological Reality And Cross-language

The following paper investigates the occurrence of copulas in copula sentences on the basis ofpreceding researching cross-linguistically, and takes an account of this subject in the view ofcognitive psychology, then I attend to explain some related issues of it on the theoretic frame ofuniversal grammar and psychology.In the foreword, an overview of researching of Mandarin copula "shi (是) " and Englishcounterpart "be" in the literature has been presented, and put forward the paper's main views andthe immediate problems.The main content of the paper has been divided into two parts, the first part includes three chaptersadhere to empirical research. The first chapter carries out an cross-linguistical empirical analysisof copulas and copula sentences, and second and third chapter reference to language variation andlanguage acquisition; the second part includes two chapters concerned theoretical research, andthe fourth chapter explain the issues from a linguistic perspective, the fifth chapter from relatedcognitive psychological theories.The first chapter makes an account of copulas and copula sentences cross-linguistically, firstly,several tenets of them are presented; then classifies human language to three types as to the tenetsand state the general rules of the occurrence of copula in human languages; in the last, occurrenceof copulas in human language is reported, i.e. analytic languages clines to omit copulas and thesynthetic languages is in the converse.The second and third chapter investigate the subject in language variation and acquisitioncombined to the related materials of the literature. Firstly, some common rules both in languagevariation and acquisition is provided, and what's important they are the same with the rules incross languages; secondly, I proposed that the most important element is socio- historical, but notwith language competence.Chapter four explains the empirical materials in chapter one and chapter two in the view oflinguistic. Firstly, I focus on morph-syntatic reasons including tense, person, the role of sentencein copula sentence, etc, secondly, I focus on reasons from the perspective of semantic andpragmatic including intensify, topic and information elements. Moreover, I argue that semanticand pragmatic ones are the most important. In the last, I reexplained the grammaticalizatizedprocess of copula "shi" to focus and topic marker in terms of semantics of "shi" in the perspectiveof the universal characteristics of copulas.Chapter five makes an account of the subject in related cognitive psychological theories. Firstly, Iproposed these three constructions of copula sentence is three mental presentation in humanmemory structures. Then give an explanation with some related laws of cognition and informationprocess. In the last, take an analysis of the core of copulas and reveal the mental reality.In the conclusion I reviewed the process of analysis, and conclude the core view, then put forwardsome in-depth issues.