The Comprehensive Survey Of Diderot's Enlightenment Thought

Diderot lives the time just when the French feudalism absolute monarchy system declines, when the old system comprehensive crisis and the capitalism rapid development at the same time, the bourgeoisie strength expands especially, the natural sciences have obtained the huge achievement, the entire European France covers in particular in the rationalism atmosphere, the rationality becomes the standards to judge all things, the rationality also becomes one kind of ideological trend. 18th century is the rational century and France are nations of the rational. Diderot, as the leader of"Encyclopedia School", led the tide of times. Without doubt he is the rational representative personage, the rationality is his thought essence, his rationalism mainly displays in aspects such as materialism, atheism and so on.The time that Diderot lives is also the reforming time when France become the capitalist society from the feudal society, each kind of ideological trend surges, philosopher's unique sensitive makings combine with 18th century universal principles disposition that cause his thought fly own colors and the content is rich, So that it is very difficultly to regard Diderot's thought with the method of paste the label. He regards the receptivity frequently for extremely the boundary and often confuses the rational by the esthetic feeling judgment, which has caused a series of rationalities and the perception, unity and diversity, reality and illusion intertwined. The intensely condition that composed by the crisscrossed contradictory of this kind of thought formed a kind of tensility. Therefore Diderot's thought also has one kind of open posture and the tension, this mainly displays in his ethics thought and esthetics realm of thought.The people generally representative who take Voltaire the 18th century rationalism, however, The Rousseau regards as the romanticism the father. Of Diderot both the rational principle thought essence, at the same time and has Rousseau's -like romantic mood. Therefore American scholar Will Duran said that Voltaire and Rousseau are unable to tolerate Diderot, when he appraises Diderot, he has contained both of them, at the same time maintained uniqueness has been unique and. From this significance we can say that the most representative thinker of France Enlightenment in 18th century is Diderot.