A Study Of The Tun-huang Manuscripts Divination Books Of The Calling Of Crow

Crow divination is a kind of the Birds divination.Birds divination is a method which uses birds to prognosticate good or ill luck in people's life, and it is belonged to birds and winds divination in Antient China armomancy. Birds divination is also called "feng-jiao-niao-zhan"in Antient China. Crow divination is a method which is based on crowing of crow,the position of crow's crowing and time of crow's crowing to prognosticate.According the views of many scholars,there are eight Tun-huang manuscripts about crowing of crow divination and it be agreed by academic circle at present.These manuscripts are collected by British and France for history reasons.The serial number of three among these manuscripts which written by Chinese is P.3479,P.3988 and P.3888.The others which written by Tibetan its serial number is P.t.1045, P.t.1049,I.O.746,I.O.747 and P.3896v.Since these manuscripts have appeared in the world,B.Baccot,a french scholar; Berthold Laufer,an America scholar who borned in Germany; Wang-yao and Yang-shi-hong, two schlors from China; were all engaged in the study of the manuscript of P.t.1045. In spite of difference of their views,we are conmenting that their studies were all focused on the origination of the manuscript of P.t.1045.The view of Laufer was symbolistic in them.He relyed on the contents of P.t.1045 and the Tibetan buddism documens about crow divination to believe that the birthplace of the manucript of P.t.1045 was Tibet ,and the contents of P.t.1045 influenced by India culture and Tibetan culture.Wang_yao relyed on Ancient China Birds divination books to believe that the contents of P.t.1045 influenced by Ancient China culture. Yang-shi-hong analysised the contents of P.t.1045 from large field and believed this manuscript was the associativity of Ancient China culture and Ancient India culture.Carole Morgan,a French schlor,associated with the two Tun-huang manuscripts divination books of crow's crowing its serial number is P.3479 and P.3988, then believed the contents of these divination books influenced by Ancient China culture.We believe that the treatises of above schlors are all have their strong pointand their influences on these divination documents are very important.But we see these manuscripts from another angle which is different than former schlors,it include two points:the one is large field,the other is small field.The answer of large field is that these manuscripts are formed in a basic element which is the method of bird divination and crow divination.The methods formed naturally and have no influence with each other.Finally,these methods centralized in Tun-huang and formed these crow's Crowing Divination Books in Tun-huang. The answer of small field is that the method of 'divination sheet'in P.3479,P.3988 and P.t.1045 influnced by the contents of Ancient India buddism documents,the time's using in method is influenced by Ancient China culture and Ancient India culture,the contents of divination words is influenced by Ancient Chinese culture,Ancient India culture and Ancient Tibetan culture.The Temple culture in Tun-huang was a important element to accelerate the form of these divination books too.The contents of P.3888 is an another type in the crow's crowing divination books in Tun-huang,we analysis its contents and then believe that it was a symbol of Chinese crow divination book,it appeared in Tun-huang means Tun-huang is a famous place which accelerated the intercourse of culture between other culture and Chinese culture in Ancient China.Finally,we analysis these Tun-huang manuscripts and the materials of crow's crowing divination in Ancient China after the Tang Dynasty ,and believe that these crow's crowing divination books in Tun-huang is the best Crow Divination books in Ancient China.Those were written in Tun-huang in Ancient China of the Tang and Wu-dai Dynasty.And with closing of the Mogao Caves in Ancient China,these documents had disspeared until 1900.