| The"May 4th"New Literature Writers are products from both abolishing of imperial civil service examination system in late Qing Dynasty and establishment of the new style education system. Because needs of the initiation populace and rescuing the country they became the most influential intellectual group in Chinese modern history. Their huge result was having discovered persons. Among this, the understanding and affirmation to the independent value of Children's Concept was the beginning of construction process of Chinese modern Children's Concept.This dissertation gives us a historical background by introducing the produce of"May 4th"new literature writers. It elaborates the formation of their Children's Concept. And the most representative characters have been chosen. Combining of the writers'experience their Children's Concept was analyzed. And then the basic connotation of the modern Children's Concept is summarized. On the basis of it, I analyses the influence of their Children's Concept to their literature practice for children through their works full of lively breathing children's images.In the process of"May 4th"movement, following the introduction of external cultural, the new cultural pioneers of our country gradually was seeing that we had to take children's raise in order to make our country wealthy and formidable. The introduction of modern Children's Concept such as Dewey's lead to the result of speeding up the producing of Chinese modern Children's Concept. It can be said that China "children's discovery" was along with the dissemination of the education Concept of Louse and Dewey, but was developed in China. The"May 4th"New Culture Movement initiators as well as New Literature writers all realized that the children were very important to the future of China in the time of "initiation". Moreover they also realized the children's question and women's question in China were equally the most important part of "person's liberation". Only when The Children were discovered and liberated, all the people in China could be able to truly liberated. In this period, along with the development of initiation populace, the modern Children's Concept of our country was gradually established. First, Lu Xun sent out the call "rescue the children" in his first work "Diary of a Madman". Afterwards, the great masters of literature and the pedagogy like Zhou Zuoren, Ye Shengtao and so on also carried on the attention to Chinese children education and children literature works. They realized, the wrong Children's Concept, the center of which was"The father as son's leadership", must been corrected. It has lasted several thousand years in china. And only so the modern education system can been built up, and the problem of the children's liberation can truly been solved. To the wrong Children's Concept, Lu Xun had such summary: "In the past western persons misunderstood the children as the preparation of adult. The Chinese misunderstood the children as little adult." [ 6 ] Before of The"May 4th"movement Dewey came to China and lectured. The event had brought the thought of"Children as Centre" to China. At this time literature writers of our country admitted and fused this kind of advanced education viewpoint, thus they started the foundation road of Chinese children literature. And different Children's Concept was appeared one after another in the China.A. child is a person, child is a childBased on the standard of personality independence, individuality freedom, new cultural initiator criticized the old Children's Concept under the feudalism patriarchal system "The elder as standard". Zhou Zuoren thought the children are different from adult. They have their own inside and outside life. The inside life is children's spiritual life, the outside life is the life which satisfies the basically survives needs of children. Child is a child, but not"diminutive adult". This is real"children discovery". It left the shadow which the adult threw down. In the field of their vision there were only children. Thus the adult center principle has been thoroughly broken. The foundation should be in young, but not in the elder. The elder should make the sacrifice for young in order to pave the way for children's healthy development. The elder should respect the young right, but barbarically deprives children's right. The elder should meet the needs of the young, but neglect children's reasonable request. More commendable is, Zhou Zuoren thought that a child's life is a kind of"transformation growth", has the different time, including Baby time, infancy time, boyhood and adolescence. In each period child has different emotion and different life characteristic.Under the influence of west democracy and the theory of the human nature and evolution, Lu Xun advocated that man should pay great attention to the nature of children. He hoped man took children as the center to make children grow naturally. He had also discovered the true character relation between children and the nation. From the national survival view, he paid great attention to child's sociality. He hoped to liberate the children from traditional feudalistic thinking and father power and further raise person's right through establishing children's survival standard.B. Education and children's lifeUnder the influence of west children education principle, The"May 4th"New Literature Writers all noticed children's education in china. From theirs ideas, children would be the future of our country. Their education would directly relate to China. The education system under feudal Children's Concept eliminated the children and caused them depth to the prison of"The father as son's leadership" system. In order to break this kind of feudal imprisonment, first we must start educate the children. Therefore, those Literature Writers all established different Education Concepts.1. Families, the Society are Organic Constitute Part of School EducationThe old-style education in China often didn't take the function of environment education like families and society. Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren all realized that we must fully pay attention to the function of families and even the entire society and take the school education as the centre. First Lu Xun regarded the children as future, as development, as hope. The question of children and the entire society would be related in together. At the same time, he also noticed, the families were the most basic cells of society; the parents also were the most basic educators to children. Therefore his Children's Education Concept was at first face to the family education. He pointed out, the most families in China"can only give birth, cannot teach" .They were only "child's father", but didn't not understand Children's Education, They could not be called the father of "the person", and as parents they couldn't realize the education responsibility to children .Even if some parents thought about the education to there children, but they also did not know how to educate there children. This kind of old-style education pattern is cruelly harming the child, caused the delay of development. Zhou Zuoren also proposed that the family and the social education must been taken to the influence of Children's growth. He thought the family and the social education respectively had the stress, cannot mutually substitute. If any one side was neglected, it was cannot be replaced, including parents' personal character and the professional skill. These would directly affect the future life of children. Moreover, he had pointed out that the develop trend of education is the education socialization and the goal of modern education is to make one form good disposition. Here disposition has the meaning of"quality". The formation of good quality benefits from the good environment. Therefore, the environment education has great function in the aspect in person success.2."Understanding Child"is the Premise of EducationThe influence of Dewey "Children Center Theory" is huge. Under his influence, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Ye Shengtao and others Literature Writers also thought about"how to educate the children". Lu Xun thought that the first is the understanding, the second is instruction, and the third is liberation. Understanding children means man must go into children's innermost feelings world, Understanding children's age characteristic. The education like this can get up the twice result with half the effort effect. Zhou Zuoren believed, the goal of the children's education is to make children's body and mind perfectly, freely and fully develop in order to"train the child to a right person"[ 34 ] he thought that only when child's natural instinct was complied , child's natural desire can be satisfied. Because person is developed from animal and"all life instinct of person are all beautiful and good, and earn to be completely satisfied" [ 35 ]. He thought "child's world"must firstly been understood.These education concepts have changed essentially from formerly education, which neglected child's own needs and violated child to growth rule and separated the child from adult's world. The"May 4th"New Literature Writers regarded children's own demands as the foundation and the source of the education. The establishment of this kind of education idea enabled children in China to be able to been discovered and became the center and the master of the education.3. The Initiation of Sex EducationZhou Zuoren was a scholar who realized most early to the question of sex education. This kind of though was mainly origin to English thinker Greece. Zhou Zuoren realized that person's normal nature desire should been naturally and healthily satisfied. This basic morality concept was imprisoned already long in China. In such thought foundation, Zhou Zuoren thought the sex education has much necessity.4.The Theory of Unifying Knowledge and PracticeYe Shengtao absorbed from important idea"Learning from Doing"of Dewey. For the first time he proposed the education's method of"unifying knowledge and practice"in China. He requested "the children in the school should learn from doing, unify tutelage and life"[ 45 ], and obtained the true knowledge from practical life.The establishment of this a series of new education ideas have provided bright center and the subject for Chinese children literature writers. Therefore, the children literature of China also separated gradually from the adult literature and started its vigorous development. In the initial period of development, the children's publication was put in an important position. The foreign children's work entered into China one after another. When many foreign works were translated and introduced into China, the writers also selected the folk literature widely to carry on the reorganization. In 20's, the Chinese children literature came to its growing time .At this time "the child literature movement" from the group of literary research society writer was taken as a core. The works of "Scarecrow"and "Send to junior readers" became the main symbol. And then the new Children Literature started to develop them. The subject reflected from the children literature work also changed from one subject to many subjects. At first following "the question novel" the attention to the children question entered the literature field. The massive literary works were created from injured bodies of children, from the wound mind of children and the question of school and education. It started from Lu Xun. The children's question also became the most widespread subject of Chidren Novel in "May 4th" period. Zhou Zuoren, Bing Xin, Chen Hengzhe, Ye Shengtao, and Lao She and so on all created the outstanding works from the different aspect. On the other hand, some works went out from "the question", started to return to children's pure instinct. The novel about "children's naive" as well as "childhood recollection" became the representative. Lu Xun, the great literature master, who paid attention to "the question" most early, in his works "Hometown", "About Play"and so on reflected all pure and good-hearted instincts of Children and his beautiful dreams. |
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