The Understand And Cognition Of "Shang""Xia"

"Shang","Xia"is the most important words for people to express the positive relations, also have the highest frequency of using .This article based on the description of the nature, the distribution and the syntax structure of"Shang","Xia".Taking the direction, the shape and the position as the bare bones, launching the inspection from the significance angle, and trying to give the cognitive explanation.Spatial world discriminates physical world, cognitive world and linguistic world. The reflection of language is not the world which is objective and physical, but is the cognitive world. As a result of the function of the cognitive and psychological factors, adds the disposition of significance and form is different in different language, so the linguistic world which reflects by the symbolic form is unique.Chinese discriminates direction system, shape system and position system, this article inspected the strong choice of"Shang","Xia"in the direction system; the probability of"Shang","Xia"to prominence the space characteristic; the relative appearance of"Shang","Xia"in the position system and so on.The significance, equates to conceptualization which bases on the bodily experience."Shang","Xia", its significance appears the fine distinction along with the changing of linguistic environment, the basic significance also expands. Finally, we specifically discussed the production of different meanings and the elimination of"Shang","Xia", as well as the special phenomenon which"Shang","Xia","Li"have the same meaming, and attempted using the cognitive linguistics to give the reasonable explanation.