The Development Of Hungary's Political Situation, 1945-1948 And The Forming Of One-party Management

During the sovietization process of Eastern Europe after the Second WorldWar, Hungary was particularly resistant to the achievement of sovietization. Hungary'sbourgeois party the Smallholder Party and right-wing Social Democratic Party werecomparatively strong, they resist the encroachment's process and prolonged it. Butbecause Hungary was a small country, meanwhile it was a defeated country; the SovietUnion started to control Hungary in order to make it serve as a buffer zone of Sovietfrom late war and realized the goal after war. the United States and the British didn'twant to give up Hungary with political motive, they hope to bring Hungary into theirsphere of influence in order to prevent the west from the Soviet Union's threat inpolitics and to build wider market in economic; however in the immediate postwarperiod, the Western Europe were suffering unrest, moreover, millions of Soviet troopsstood on or next to the territory of Hungary, meanwhile the western powers had nomilitary force there. So the United States and the British challenged the growing Sovietcontrol in Hungary by diplomatic and economical means. But they failed and had toaccept Hungary's sovietization as an inevitable fact. Hungary ultimately became asatellite state of the Soviet Union after continuous barrage of Soviet-directed assaults.The article is to examine the sovietization process of Hungary during 1945-1948 andthe deep cause behind the process. Then to show that after the Second World War,following the Cold War's beginning and breakdown of the relationship between theSoviet Union and the United States, international structure went to two halves standingfacing each other; in this circumstances, both the United States and the Soviet Unionexpand their sphere of influence, therefore small and weak country such as Hungary lostfreedom of choosing its future, became victim and dependency of power politics.Through the research over this subject, I want to arouse more thinking and concern onthat how to build and safeguard a more relaxed and peaceful international surroundings,how to protect dignity and independence of small countries.This article includes five parts:Firstly, it introduces the historical situation of Hungary, Hungary suffering great loss during the Second World War, the policy of the Soviet Union and the United Statesabout Hungary after the war, Hungary's political and economical conditions beforeelection in 1945.Secondly, it makes attention on the two election of Hungary in 1945, discussesgovernment organization of Hungary before elections, election process and campaignsof every major party during it, the attitude of great powers about elections, and theanalysis of election outcome.The third part is about that from post- the national election in 1945 to theSmaUhotders Party was pushed out from the government. It discusses that after election,the Soviet Union helped the Hungary's Communist Party to gain the important InteriorMinistry, while controlled the police and through establishing the Supreme EconomicCouncil(SEC), the Soviet Union controlled Hungary's economic, the struggle betweenthe Communist Party and the Smallholders Party in 1946, with the relationship of greatpowers worsened increasingly in 1947, the Soviet Union and the Hungary CommunistParty eliminated the Smallholders Party.The forth part is about the process of that after the Smallholders Party was purgedfrom the government, the Hungary Communist Party eliminated all right-wing SocialDemocrats and fused the rump Social Democratic Party, thus established aone-party-controlled and pro-Soviet government in Hungary and realized state-ownedeconomy.The fifth part is the conclusion.