On 1956, Hungary's "neutrality"

October 1965 witnessed the outbreak of the astonishing Hungarian Event. On November 1^st 1956, Hungarian government, under the leadership of Nagy, declared its withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact and neutriality as the defeat of the revolution was approaching. At the same time Imre Nagy, appealled to the United Nations for ensurance of neutiality to Hungary from the four Great Powers (includng Soviet Union), which was unprecedented in the whole history of the Soviet bloc. The country's neutrality was finally repressed by soviet, and the request also endded up with nothing definite in General Assembly. However, Why Hungary government declared neutrality at the time when the revolution was in the most chaos, and was neutrality Nagy's ultimate choice? What's the significance of neutrrality to the Hungarian people? Britain, French, America and soviet and other governments, what's their responses to the neutrality? And how to assess the event objectively? Most relevant research articles home and abroad were brief narrations of the declaraion of the neutrality and the process of the defeat and many reseachers of the Hungarian revolution regard this move as irrational and fuse of the second military interference of Soviet Union. However, with more and more historical materials decoded in Soviet Hungary and America, all these views remain to be corrected. The declaration of neutrilality of Nagy government is the effect rather than cause of the Soviet Union's military interference and the Hungarian government's decision was their last struggle to save the revolution. This paper, based on the previous studies of the Hungarian Event and recently unveiled materials, attempts to make a systematic and comprehensive description and analysis to the historical cause, process and result of the 1956 declaration of neutrialitly of Hungarian government from an objective perspective, in the hope of providing some help in studies and discussion of this field.The body can be divided into five parts:The foreword is an brief introduction of previous researches and significance of the present paper on Hungarian government's declaration of neutrality in 1956.The first part is about the origin of Hungarian neutiality. It briefly introduced the connotation and concept of "neutrality", and presentation and implementation of relevant neutral ideas in Hungarian history.The second part will analyze the internal and external historical reasons of Hungarian neutrality. The part is the focus of the paper which mainly illustrates that the presentation of netriality was not an impulsive move of the Nagy government. Instead, it was affected by many profound factors home and broad, but has some far-reaching reasons. For Hungarian people, the internal pushing force to netriality includes the tough experience of the country, the perplex of Soviet mode after World War II, the propaganda on freedom, democracy and independence of Petofi Club, an patriotic organization which has a wide influence in Hungary, and the relatively mature natioanal "neutrial" ideas Nagy formed previously. What's more, the cutting of the Yugoslavia's autonomy mode and the success of the Austria neutrality mode as well as the instigation of the propaganda of the Voice of Free Europe have not only shown the dawn of pursuing Hungarian neutrality, but also make the Hungarian people and Nagy government more determined to strive on. This part aims to prove that the appeal of neutirality of Hungarian government and Nagy government has certain practical significance.The third part is about the Hungary government's road to neutriality pushed by many factors before and after Hungarian revolution.The fourth part concerns the response of those great powers and the United Nations to the Hungarian neutriality. This part analyzes the Soviet Union and its camp, England and France, Ameria and the General Assembly's response before and after the Hungary's declaration of neutriality. In the illustration, some views are further analyzed and proved with the aid of the latest material. Based on the analysis of this part, it is pointed out that Hungary, a small east european country during the Cold War and confrontation period, its pursuit of freedom and independence were often troden on by the great powers dominating the world, or became the tool being used to realize the interest of those countries.The last part is about the result of Hungarian neutriality and reflection on relevant questions. Based on the previous analysis, this part analyzed the excitement of the Hungarian people after declaration of the neutriality, the damage resulting from the military repression of the Soviet Union and the unfair judgement Nagy and some other person suffered. The focus falls on the event of Hungarian neutriality. In the author's view, although the neutriality ended up with defeat, it reflects the courage and determination of Hungarian people in pursuit of freedom and independence, and the affect of the complicated relationship of the two super power camps to a small nation. The neutriality proposed by Nagy at the end of the revolution has certain practical significance, but the complicated domestic and international situation failed to provide a favorable condition to realize it. The reason Kadaer's "betrayal" is perhaps the best choice to save Hungary at that moment.