Transportation Lines And Posthouses Between Tang Dynasty And Korean Pennisular

The contact between China and the Korean Peninsula is very close, and there were transportation lines long ago, including both land line and water line. In the middle of Tang Dynasty, JiaDan proposed the two lines between Tang and the Korean Peninsula, which named "Yingzhou Line" and "Dengzhou Line". Because Yingzhou is the beginning of the line, which lies in the northeast of Tang, and Dengzhou, which lies in Shandong Peninsula, is the estuary. In fact, because the capital of Tang Dynasty was Chang'an, the diplomatic pattern between the two was tributary relationships with the etiquette nature, the transportation lines should include the Tang Dynasty domestic transportation(exactly to say that should include lines Chang'an to Yingzhou, Chang'an to Dengzhou, Liaodong to Korean Peninsula, the route across Bohai as well as the transportation lines in Korean Peninsula). Transportation line and the posthouses also are close connected. In brief, there are many posthouses in the transportation route. That is to say, if we don't have enough historical data of posthouses on the line, but we know it was a key road, without doubt once there were posthouses established, Vice versa. In addition, there are also exception, some posthouses were established for border defense or the demand of the war in history. The posthouses, except has function of transmission, but also has diplomatic function, like receive the foreign envoy and so on. There are many political organizations in Korean Peninsula were profoundly affected by China, which was also established the posthouse system. Therefore in the historical data deficient situation, makes the reasonable extrapolation and the supposition to the situation of Korean Peninsula posthouse establishment is allowed. The past scholar all had thorough research to the domestic transportation and the posthouse system of Tang Dynasty, the main posthouses and so on, particularly the way from Chang'an to Luoyang, to Taiyuan, from Luoyang to Taiyuan, and also from Luoyang or Taiyuan to Youzhou, then went north to Yingzhou. However, the path from Yalu River to Korean Peninsula as well as the posthouse was unusually to be mentionded, not to say the principal roads in Korean Peninsula. In other words, the domestic present image about the Tang Dynasty and the Korean Peninsula transportation is incomplete, and we are also limited in the understanding of the research situation on Korean aspect. Therefore this article when discusses the transportation between China and Korean Peninsula, what was detailed by predecessors then will be slightly, the predecessor did slightly will try to do with every effort, and make full use of the Korean aspect historical data, to complete the communication line between the Korean Peninsula and Tang Dynasty, at least is in the use of one kind of integrity thought to regard the transportation between the two. What is worth to mention was, that alrhough has formed two relatively explicit pathes, after Unified Silla was establishded, and also has close relation with Tang Dynasty, but between Tang and Luo there is no way called "tributary line" as Bohai by the educational world, cannot place on a par to the fixed "tributary line" under the tributary relation with the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Moreover in the transportation line between China and Korean Peninsula, the Liaodong Peninsula becomes important, which to influence "the Yingzhou line" directly, and indirectly to influence "the Dengzhou line". Not only because of domestic situation in the Tang Dynasty, but also by the reason of that Liaodong is meddlesome, therefore the main way from China to the Korean Peninsula in the historical period, was "the Dengzhou line". Which are the characters of transportation between the two. Because the ability is limited, and lack of firsthand information, has error, please the specialists to point out so that they can be corrected.