Searle Principles And Its Application In Chinese-Japanese Translation

Among various languages in different countries and regions, people prefer to apply analogy when communicating, both in the forms of literary language and spoken language. Compared with plain narration, it is vivid to express in terms of analogy, which, what's more, is more effective in expression. Generally speaking, analogy is divided into metaphor and simile, between which, metaphor is more characteristic no matter in the form or in the meaning. Usually, it can show the psychological status of the author and the cultural background. The thoroughly analysis of metaphors is based on the discussion on the literary meaning of metaphors.In the past, countless scholars have put forward their own theories on metaphor research. For speakers and listeners, it is very important for them to understand the metaphors which they are applying. While the understanding of metaphor is consist of two aspects: appreciating and inferring. The western philosopher Searle has built his theory system on the meaning inferring of metaphors. In his theory, "S","P","R" stand for the three basic elements of metaphor. He has put forward eight principles which analyzing the relationship between the three elements. Meanwhile, he has pointed out many possibilities of the relationship from a speaker's view, which is known as Searle Principles. In brief, the Searle Principles includes the following: (1) The definition of "P" is "R". In other words, suppose there is a metaphor, we can say that "R" is one of the notable characters of "P". (2) Under certain condition, "P" is equal to "R". Suppose there is a metaphor, the nature of "R" is the nature of "P". (3) "P" is often considered to be "R", even if the speakers and listeners may know the fact that "R" is only the hypothesis of "P". (4) "P" is neither "R" nor alike "R", "P" is not considered to be "R", however, because of the cultural and natural factors, we relate "P" to "R". (5) The elements constituting "P" is far similar with the ones of "R".(6) pretended that "p" and "R" share the same or similar meaning, either of them, or "P" is more often restricted in the practice, which is not used for "S".(7) the form which not belong to the pattern" S is P" and the other patterns for metaphors., such as verbs and adjectives.. (8) Special cases of metaphors, like transferred meaning. In this essay, author applies the Searle Principles into Japanese. Her application of Searle Principles analyzing metaphor in Japanese are well displayed in three principles :(1) "R" is related to "P" in their appearances.(2) According to a certain literary quotation or historical event, "R" and "P" have the same or similar characters (3) "P" and "R" are similar in their pronunciation. Besides, the author also sums up the approaches to translate metaphors in Chinese-Japanese translation based on the principles mentioned above. There are five main approaches, including "Direct translation", "Paraphrasing" and so on. Comparing them to Searle Principles, the author has puts forward her theories through analysis.This paper is made up of three parts. (1) the application of Searle Principles: the contents of Searle Principles; the application of Searle Principles in Japanese ( including the part which should be add to in the application of Searle Principles in Japanese and the new seven principles. (2) The analysis of the ways to translate the metaphors in Chinese--Japanese translation. (3) The ways to translate the metaphors in Chinese- -Japanese translation and related research.