On Environmental Ethics Of Nature-Centered Doctrine

As the industry civilization moves forward to the whole world, people have realized that environment, the foundation for human's existence, is not infinite. We could not only rely on the law and economic means but also appeal to the ethics idea for the solution to the environmental pollution and ecological problems. Environmental ethics of natural anthropocentrism appears along with the introspections to the ecological crisis. This article reveals the academic predicament of the environmental ethics of natural anthropocentrism, demonstrates the certainty and rationality of the appearance of modern human anthropocentrism, and and tries hard to go out of the predicament. It demonstrates environmental ethics, which resorts to the correct understanding on the relationship between human and nature, can break away thoroughly from environmental crisis and predicament of human survival and development, in order to get a harmonious development between human and nature in the end.This article divides into four parts:The first part explains the engender and the theory value of environmental ethics of natural anthropocentrism. It emerges along with the appearance of ecological crisis, and western environmental ethics began to develope rapidly after the seventies of the 20th century. Environmental ethics has challenged traditional philosophy, ethnics and other interrelated subjects. At the same time, it has come into contact with modern philosophy, ethnics and other interrelated subjects.There are two kinds of definitions from western environmental ethics scholars: one is the"relation"doctrine, the other is the"incumbency"doctrine. The"relation"doctrine says that environmental ethics is an all-sided system to prove the ethics responsibility between people and natural environment, while the"incumbency"doctrine considers it as a research to human responsibility for natural environment. The theory value of environmental ethics of natural anthropocentrism lies in that expand the targets who morals show loving care for to other species and whole eco-systems out of human being, through the proposition of the ecological value idea.The second part discusses the basic thought and theory of the environmental ethics of natural anthropocentrism. 1, The theories of animal liberation: delegated by P.Siger.Peter, begin from the Utilitarianism and extend the principle that treat persons'interests fairly to animals. 2, The theories of animal rights: delegated by T.Regan, begin from Kant's Deonology and hold that we should protect animals for they have inviolable rights as people. 3, Boi-egalitarianism: a.Schweitzer'ethical idea of respecting life requires that we should respect all life wills as our own, in that, we will view other life wills sympathetically. P.Taylor's ethics of respect the whole nature thinks that man is just a member of the living community on earth, so we can't be isolated from other life-forms. Respecting the nature means that all beings have the equal innate values are entities with equal moral status, and have the rights of gaining equal consideration. 4, Eco-holism: the tenet of A.Leopold's ethics of the earth is to"extend the demarcation line of moral community, that should have included the soil, water, plant and animal, or the integer----the earth. It means that human should respect not only the other partners in the community, but also the whole community itself. The deep ecology created by A.Naess, holds that each kind of life form has its right to exist and develop. We have no rights to destroy other lives without adequate reasons. As human becomes more and more mature, they'll be able to share everything with other lives. The theory of natural value, delegated by H.Rolson, put man's moral obligation of the nature on the basis of all the object value of nature.The third part paints out the predicament of environmental ethics of natural centre doctrine1 on two sides. One side is that the harmonious of human and nature has been overstated, for the misapprehend on the practical relationship between them. The other side is that they ignore the conflicts and contradiction between man and nature, and also deny that man is the subject who understand and remake the nature.The forth part discusses how to solve the predicament of environmental ethics of natural centre doctrine and construct environmental ethics of modern anthropocentrism. Anthropocentrism is determined by human practical character, and it is a certain historical choice. Modern anthropocentrism is the introspections and excesses to neoteric one, more reasonable and exceeding. It emphasizes human holism, affirming the unity of immanent value and implemental value, aslo the unity of scientific nous and valuable nous, indicates essence of human nous is wise. And it is established on the foundition of global environment and human practise in modern society, which is propitious to develop a harmonious relationship between human and nature. The relation between man and nature is unity of activity and passivity, which is determined human nature. Man has to depend on and be restricted by the nature while remaking the nature actively. Modern human centre doctrine1, which is surrounding human holistic profit, focuses on the holistic and long-range human profit. That means the key factor to harmonious between subject and abject is dissolved, we should shake off the shadow of neoteric anthropocentrism, tend towards environmental ethics of modern anthropocentrism, in order to have a better perspective for the relation between man and nature, and help us keep developing harmoniously.