The Word-formation Of "打"-An Extended Verb In Modern Chinese

In modern Chinese, the word"打"is a very special verb, because its meaning is numerous and jumbled, and its usage is comprehensive. In the Dictionary of Modern Chinese, there are 24 meanings of the word"打". It seems that the word"打"can be combined with lots of words, but there are some restrictions to the words.During investigating the verb"打", we find it has a process from a notional word to an extended verb, and now the extending range of the verb"打"gets wider and wider. Comparing the notional word"打", the extended meanings are much frequently used, so we excludes the notional word"打", only focus on the extended word one, and call it the extended verb"打".The extended verb"打"has better action with the function of presentation. On the function of syntax,"打"only can be predicate. It can't solely act as subject attribute and object. For example, we can say"打酒的男孩". but we can't say"打的男孩".The extended verb"打"can be combined with noun,verb and adjective. When it is combined with a noun, the extended verb"打"substitutes the action; when with a verb, it equals to an affix, which only has the grammatical function without glossarial meaning. The extended verb "ft"" seldom combined with the adjective.The paper focuses on the word class to discuss the restriction of word-formation of"打". Generally, the extended verb"打"can be combined with noun,verb and adjective, and others words couldn't. The three kind words have different abilities when they want to combine with"打": noun> verb >adjective。Go deep into the Semantic character lay. In the noun, the extended verb"打"couldn't combine with proper nouns, and it seldom combine with abstract nouns and collective nouns, but always combine with common nouns. So, we labor the common nouns basing on semantic character, and the process is as follows: first, we depart common nouns into the nouns with life and the nouns without life according to the distinguishing character【life】;second, there are three types of words can be combined with"打", and they are apparatus nouns,action and animal nouns; third, there are lots of the nouns without life that can be combined with"打", for example: plant,food,crop,nature,instrument and so on.The verb, we adopt the Partition frame of Chen Changlai from semantic attributes: act verb,state verb,lead verb,mentality verb,relation verb. The extended verb"打"presents different abilities when combining with them:, act verb>state verb> lead verb>mentality verb,relation verb. Excluding the state verb, the verbs' action degree from higher to lower also is: act verb>lead verb>mentality verb,relation verb。In addition, the verbs which can combined with"打"has some disciplinarian in the semantic characters:【life】,【man】,【independence】and【transitive】.About adjective, Mr. Wang Qilong plot out common adjective and special adjective in terms of syntax function. In the common adjective, there are qualitative adjective and state adjective. Only qualitative adjective can be combined with the extended verb"打", the state adjective couldn't. In the qualitative adjective, we according to whether containing the semantic character【man】to discuss. In the special adjective, some words can't act as attribute in the sentence, some can't act as predicate. The both can not combined with"打".