Restudying Of Confucius' "Benevolence"

What is the nucleus has become a paramount issue in studying of Confucius' thought. This essay will approve the point that "benevolence" is the nucleus of Confucius' thought and justify it's correctness from opposition of Mo-tse, restudying of Confucius' "benevolence" and unscrambling it's modem value from perspective of the civil society.What's mean concerning Confucius' "benevolence"?The Confucianists and Mohists are considered as famous school because of their great infection among the various schools of thought and their exponents during the period of pre-Qin times. Meanwhile, they are one's opponent in a debate. A letter of Marx to Engels point out that the truth is confirmed by dispute and historical fact is unveiled from incompatible statement. While the fruits are tremendous in studying of Confucius' thought, there are still colossal differences. This essay will approve the point that "benevolence" is nucleus of Confucius' thought and justify it's correctness from opposition of Mo-tse.Although criticizing of Mo-tse to Confucianists may be seen in the book of Mo-tse, Mo-tse systematically denounced Confucianists in chapter of blame of Confucianists. It's previous and center has disappeared, only the below can be found. It discussed the rite and morality of Confucianists. This is an important article for the dissert. The former centered on accusing of seven staple viewpoints of Confucianists, the latter cursed and even assaulted Confucius himself. Besides, there \vas a record about drastic argues between the Confucianists and Mohists in the chapter of Gong Meng.Trait of Confucius' thought may be found from opposition of Mo-tse. The nucleus of Confucius' thought is "benevolence". It discussed "benevolence" based on "rite", introducing "benevolence" into "rite" and making combination between "benevolence" and "rite". Confucius' "benevolence" is impressed by subjectiveness and living. "Rite" was the clan rule system based on consanguinity with grading. Radical aim of "benevolence" was keeping or recovering this clan rule system. The connotation of "benevolence" may be centered on "denying self and observe the proprieties" and "loving the other". "To love the other" is just "To establish self, first help to establish others; to fulfill own achievement, first let others achieved". This is an expression from the affirmative. It is considered as "honestness" by Confucius. "Do not impose on others what you yourself don't desire" is a statement from the negative. It is seen as "forgiveness" by Confucius. The both are named as "way of honestness and forgiveness".What modern value has Confucius' "benevolence"?Interior belief and exterior acknowledgement is integrated altogether. The value reasoning and instrument reasoning is interweaved altogether. Confucius' "benevolence" is a reasoning spirit with Chinese. It has not a profound theory and mysterious teaching. Prescript of Confucius to "rite" plainly tallies with ordinary living. It is acceptable and practicable. Confucius' "benevolence" has constituted a mode of culture-mentality with Chinese, assimilating or excluding external culture ingredient. It continues from then to now. It is possible for Confucius' "benevolence" to transform into modern value. Maozedong' thinking about "making the past serve the present and the foreign serve China" established theory principle for realizing modern value of Confucius' "benevolence". To realize modern value of Confucius' "benevolence", Linyusheng's thought about "creating translation of China's tradition" may supply theory grounds in present.While the Confucianists were attacked dramatically since China has gone into modern times, relation issue between the tradition and modern is hidden core among thinking turbulent situation such as "how to save the nation from subjugation the reformist", "where china would go to?",and soon.Abundant fruits have been attained since china's implementing the reform and opening to outside in studying of Confucianism. We may proceed some new unscrambling for the modern value of Confucius' "benevolence" from perspective of civil society. Confucius' "benevolence" hides an idea of right from political stance. It is used to overcome the averseness sense to politics for modem people. Confucius' "benevolence" obeying justness of the order or formality is essential for civics of civil society from ethical stance. Moral character in opposite obligation idea of Confucius' "benevolence" is badly important to moving and operating democracy. But Confucius not only advocates a mutual opposite obligation relation. Confucius' "benevolence" in developing accentuates unilateral obedience relation, becoming a few thousand years subject consciousness tradition in China. It is a hidden gigantic resistance for China to go into the civil society. Therefore, based on Linyusheng's thought about "creating translation of China's tradition", to transform from traditional subject consciousness into modern civics consciousness, civic right consciousness and participating consciousness is needed to emphasize. In civil society, "rite" of Confucius' "benevolence" adhering to it has disappeared, thus the system of realizing value of Confucius' "benevolence" with it. To realize value of Confucius' "benevolence", we must design the system. Therefore, we must strengthen democracy construction while fostering the civil society. Confucius' "benevolence" can play an important role in the context of this system.