Gentry And Merchants Social Stratum And Suzhou Hangzhou Ningpo Railroad Narration (1905-1910)

The gentry and merchants social stratum was a special social stratum which came into being in the late 19 century and early 20 century and adapted to the transitional society of semi-colonial and semi-feudal. They have certain social and political status and a lot of money. They are not completely in the traditional sense gentlemen, also has not become the modern industry and commerce capitalist, but is situated between the two, which have the relative consistent, explicit characteristic of economy and political. Both are engaged in the industry and commerce activity, and simultaneously enjoy the traditional academic honor and the post, regarded as one kind of transitional social class between the new time and old time, the rank society and the professional society's and become the traditional society strength to the modern times social class strength transition "the load bearing" and "the stopover station". Studying the gentry and merchants social stratum and the evolution, the differentiation has the very vital significance to grasp the historic course which the Chinese modern times social development evolves, discusses historical rule which the Chinese modern times social development evolves, summarizes in the Chinese society modernizing advancement experience. Therefore, gentry and merchants' research has received the domestic and foreign scholar's widespread attention.At present the academic circle has made the substantial progress regarding the gentry and merchants social stratum's research, but is also quite deficient in gentry and merchants' region research, unifying the research of the region with the short time interval's event to be scarcer, to the Jiangsu and Zhejiang gentry and merchants' research is weaker, scattered and fragmentary. So far, the monograph of the systematic comprehensive study Jiangsu and Zhejiang gentry and merchants social stratum is not published. This article absorbs the predecessor research results fully, takes the historical materialism as the instruction, takes the Jiangsu and Zhejiang gentry and merchants social stratum as the object of study, and has analyzed the role which the Jiangsu and Zhejiang gentry and merchants acts in Suzhou and Hangzhou Ningpo railroad unrest, as well as display function.This article mainly contains three parts. The first part has mainly analyzed the basic situation which the Suzhou-Hangzhou-Ningpo railroad consults and takes action, as well as gentry and merchants, in the railroad consults and takes action the function which displays. The big powers plundered the Chinese power of constructing the railroad, harmed the Chinese sovereignty, the Qing government realized railroad's importance, according to the situation need, made the adjustment to the railroad policy, supported the railroad to consult and take action., therefore the Jiangsu and Zhejiang two province gentry and merchants advocate strongly manage themselves the railroad, impelled in the nation to consult and take action railroad's starting and to develop.The second part mainly introduced the situation of Suzhou and Hangzhou Ningpo railroad's gathering capital which builds roads, analyzed the Jiangsu and Zhejiang two place gentry and merchants the method which in railroad's fund procurement, the management and operation adopts, as well as effects. As a result of gentry and merchants' vital interest and company's prosperity and decline, success or failure, connected closely, regarding railroad management's in all sorts of questions, is layer on layer contradictory, they do everything possible to strictly avoid to be corrupted and practice fraud, avoid the corruption, used modern times western advanced enterprise management, for the railroad company's development they proposed the rich foresight's policy, each kind of difficulty which they encountered for the company finds the practical and feasible way to, raised enterprise's economic efficiency.The third part mainly discussed the gentry and merchants' leading resists the funds which the Jiangsu and Zhejiang two province people launched to guarantee the road movement. The Qing government under Britain's diplomatic pressure, agreed that it borrows the British funds for the Shanghai-Hangzhou pathway. The Soviet Zhejiang gentry and merchants reject the British funds in abundance by the practical action. At the same time, they assemble the appeal, agitates two province populace to buy stock, and circulate telegram various provinces railroad company, request concerted action, use newspaper to promote domestic and foreign propagandas, claim back Shanghai and Hangzhou Ningpo right of way. At the same time, Zhejiang road, the Soviet road company speeds up the road building advancement, strives for the right of way with the practical action. However , because of various reasons , the movement came to an end unsuccessfully.The conclusion mainly analyses the gentry and merchants' leading building the Merchant-Running railroad of Shanghai and Hangzhou Ningpo and the recovery of railway rights, and the role to the development of modern society. Also in the recovery of railway rights, the writer analyses the restriction and deficiency of the gentry and merchants and the influence on the outcome of the recovery of railway rights.