An Analysis Of The Causes For The Emigration To Siberia In The Reign Of Russian Tsars

In as early as 19^th century the Russian ruling class had paid attention to the studies of Siberia which was an independent subject then. The emigration is one of the most important aspects in the studies for Siberia. In China the studies for Siberia hasn't begun until recently. Moreover, the studies for Siberia in China are weak, and the emphasis is often put on the process of the emigration in the eastern area in Russia and the consequences the emigration has brought. The studies for the causes for the emigration to Siberia and factors that influences the emigration to and development of Siberia are much fewer. This paper, with the analysis and study of the historical materials about the emigration to Siberia, attempts to completely and comprehensively analyze the causes and nature of the emigration to Siberia lasting from the latter part of the 16^th century to the early 20^th century. The whole paper consists of four parts.The introduction part introduces the views of some Chinese and foreign scholars about the causes for the emigration to Siberia in the 19^th and 20^th century, and illustrates the purpose for the study of this paper. The first part of the paper mainly discusses the early emigration to Siberia whose main cause is economic. This part also deals with the brief summary for the causes for the emigration worldwide, factors which directly push forward the emigration to Siberia during the in t he reign of czars and early emigration to Siberia. The second part mainly analyzes the political elements which promote the emigration to Siberia. The second part includes three aspects: forced emigration for purpose of farming, free emigration and emigration for banishing. The third part of this paper copes with the emigration to far east which was mainly for political and strategic purposes. The fourth part of this paper is an analysis of the elements that have a positive influence on the emigration to Siberia, especially on the two emigration waves to Siberia. These factors include natural disaster, construction of the railway through Siberia and Stolypin land reform. The last part of this paper is the conclusion which sums up the role and influences of all the factors in the emigration to Siberia in the reign of Russian czars.