The Research Of Tu Fu's Ge Poetries

The prosodists usually use Qiyangushi to name Ge, Xing and other poetries which have lyric title. Actually, Tu Fu use Ge and Xing to represent different subjects. He use Xing poetries to pronounce his political comment, deprecate the bad policy of the governor and reflect his anxiety about country and people but he do not use Ge poetries to represent the momentous political themes. No matter Tu Fu use Ge poetries to describe sensibility, sociality, and personality, or to describe landscape, painting and calligraphy, the substance of these poetries is to depict his own personality. From the angle of the poet's own emotion, Ge poetries always reflect the genuine sensation of the poet which he got on the occasion of his inditing. Although the anxiety about country and people is also included in Ge poetries, this kind of emotion penetrates Ge poetries spontaneously and it is not the emphases of poet's expression. In the Ge poetries of Tu Fu, reader can apperceive his grief and indignation as a miserable bachelor in old China more vividly and appreciate his literary and artistic talent as an elitist of Tang dynasty more adequately. In a word, Tu Fu uses Xing poetry to reflect his anxiety about country and people while he uses Ge poetries to describe his own sensibilities. From this point of view, it is surely necessary for us to separate Tu Fu's Ge poetries apart from his Ge Xing poetries and do some expert research on these poetries. Only in this way can we give prominence to the artistic style of Tu Fu's Ge poetries.This thesis falls into three chapters:Chapter 1: The Origin, Development and Definition of Ge Poetry.So far, in the academic community no one has regarded Ge poetry as an independent poem style which has its' own track of development. According to the conventional viewpoint of prosody, the archaic and modern prosodists' classification of Ge poetries can be divided into two phases. Before Tang dynasty they merged Ge poetries into Yue Fu poetry and since Tang dynasty they merged the Ge poetries which simulate the traditional title of Yue Fu poetry into Yue Fu while merged the Qi Yan Ge poetries which took new title and did not accord with the rules and forms of classical poem into Ge Xing poetry. As a matter of fact, the concept of Yue Fu poetry is varying along with the alternation of dynasty and the definition of Ge Xing poetry is confused even at the beginning of its' coming into being. On account of that, the method that merges Ge poetries into Yue Fu poetry or Ge Xing poetry can not reflect its' prosodial speciality felicitously. By the means of combing the phytogeny of poesy, we can find that since the era before Ch'in dynasty Ge poetry has its' own track of development and it always keeps its' own trait of the blazing and sincere sensibility, the flexible art of composition, the diverse syntax, the melodious rhyme and the transpicuous vocabulary. So it is reasonable for us to affirm Ge poetry as an independent poem style. Once, a famous poet of Mid-Tang dynasty, Yuan Zhen, has said that "nowadays, the poets who do not have certain knowledge on music usually use lyric titles follow their inclinations; they can't use the lyric titles accurately." Seeing about the situation of poets' manner of using lyric title in early Tang dynasty and Mid-Tang dynasty, it is exactly the same as Yuan Zhen's viewpoint. However, Tu Fu is an exception. In the existing poesies of Tu Fu, the number of the poesies which is titled by Ge is thirty while the number of the poesies which is titled by Xing is fifty- five; two kinds of poem have specific distribution of work and represent different subject matter.Chapter 2: The Thought of Content and the Function of Representation of Tu Fu's Ge Poetries.According to the content expressed in the poems, the Ge poetries of Tu Fu can be divided into five categories. First type is self-lyric, these Ge poetries mainly give voice to the irrepressible sensibility of Tu Fu or express the feeling and sigh with emotion in his daily life, the characteristic of these Ge poetries is extemporaneous and sincere. Second type is social intercourse, these Ge poetries mainly represent the poetic responsory during banquet or reflect the poetic reciprocation between friends and colleagues, the characteristic of these Ge poetries is essentic but not formalistic. Third type is individual remark, these Ge poetries are mainly indited for panegyrizing somebody and sometimes these poetries are also endowed with profound ironical meaning behind the eyewash, these Ge poetries has embodied the standpoint of Tu Fu and time spirit of Tang dynasty. Fourth type is landscape chant, besiding the sing of marvelous spectacle, these Ge poetries are also endowed with Tu Fu's sigh with emotion about his life experience. Fifth type is appreciative criticism of painting and calligraphy, Tu Fu has perfectly combined the flexible poem style of Ge poetries with the gorgeous artistic verve.Chapter 3: The Artistic Traits of Tu Fu's Ge Poetries.The discussion of the artistic traits of Tu Fu's Ge poetries has been divided into five aspects. First, from the aspect of rhythm, Tu Fu can assort the rhythm with content and sensibility of and make an integrated using of rhythm, syntax and trope during his inditing of Ge poetries, thus his Ge poetries is assuredly finger-popping. Second, from the aspect of language, Tu Fu can select a proper manner of expression according to the status of people whom he address, sometimes he uses spoken language directly in order to win an unvarnished effect, sometimes he uses recondite expressions to show his profound scholarship, thus the language style of his Ge poetries is diverse. Third, from the aspect of art of composition, the art of composition of Tu Fu's Ge poetries is flexible and changeful; by means of this manner Tu Fu strengthen the expressive force of his Ge poetries. Fourth, from the aspect of narration and lyricism, the manner of narration of Tu Fu is outstanding, he can merge his true feelings into the narration of state of affairs, thus the sensibility of his Ge poetries is heart affecting. Fifth, from the aspect of artifice of series Ge poetries, Tu Fu's series Ge poetries show originality, thus becoming the apotheosis for later generations.