Heidegger And The Method Of Phenomenology

Husserl's phenomenology constitutes the start of Heidegger's thoughts. As all else phenomenologist, the evidence principle is the most ultimate credendum of Heidegger' phenomenology. And just on this point meanwhile, Heidegger parted company with Husserl and going his own way.According to the evidence principle of phenomenology, itself-givenness is the unique criteria of legitimate cognition. Only the objects given straightly are credible, and so long as the objects given straightly, we should accept them just like they are given. But in the course from essence phenomenology to transcendental phenomenology, Husserl took the undoubted principle of theoretic reflection as more radical rule, and held the asserted evidence must base on the apodictic evidence. Heidegger criticized Husserl's deviation from the fundamental of phenomenology, and persisted in the spirit of phenomenology that "back to things-themselves". Facing and following to things-themselves all long is the orientation of Heidegger' phenomenology. By carrying through the principle of phenomenology in depth, Heidegger exceeded the method of phenomenological reflection, and advanced the way of explanation and thinking that are not objectizitonal.Heidegger emphasized methodological character of phenomenology, in order to made phenomenology free from the meaning Husserl endowed. He opposed Husserl limited phenomenology in bound of consciousness, and criticized Husserl abstracted consciousness from human integral being, researched it isolatedly. Heidegger argued we could grasp the essence of consciousness' intentionality really none but on the foundation of human integral being. The true matters of phenomenology are the actual experience of life itself. He linked the actual experience of life itself to the question of Being which always run through western traditional philosophy, and claimed just Being is the own matter of phenomenology. Phenomenology is identical with ontology. In this way, Heidegger brought forward dasein phenomenology, named basal ontology, and surpassed the epistemological tradition of neoteric philosophy.The thinking way of basal ontology is seeking universal meaning of Being in dasein real state. Dasein, however, is first and always in the shadowed inauthentic way. Basal ontology requires ridding the shadow that already have be given and belong to things-themselves, which violates the request of phenomenology that backing to things-themselves. Being itself as the real matter, then, can not be reached. For the sake of carrying out phenomenological principle to the core, Heidegger had turned around from basal ontology to thinkness of being that facing being straight. Backing to things-themselves is staying in shadow, accepting and listening to the matter that includes shadow. On this basis, Heidegger introduced "Ereignis" instead of the station of "Being" in his thought gradually, and then transcended the subject-ism of metaphysics.