On The Developing Orientation Of Qingdao From The Historical Perspective

The study of the historical orientation of the city of Qingdao is of great realistic significance for summarizing experience, commanding governing laws and better orienting and planning Qingdao as a city. From the historical perspective, this thesis systematically studies the orientation of Qingdao in five historical periods: the German-occupation period, the first Japanese-occupation period, the Kuomintang occupation period in the 1930's, the second Japanese occupation period, and the period after the founding of New China. The research method employed is the combination of history and argumentation, dwelling mainly on historical facts.From the end of 19^th century to 21^st century, the development of Qingdao has experienced from military harbor to the bright pearl of the sea. In June 14th, 1897, on the pretext of the case in Juye Germany forcibly occupied Qingdao, and the nature of Qingdao as a city was"a German military base area in the Far East."In 1910, it was changed to be"an important and prosperous German commercial center in the Far East."Therefore, Germany gave top priority to the construction of harbors and railway, and next to the urban construction, fully considering the relationship among harbor, railway and city. In 1914, Japan took the place of Germany and occupied Qingdao. Starting from the purpose of plundering, it placed priority on the development of Qingdao as a small harbor over that of a big harbor from the very beginning. It focused on city construction and the addition of factories. The nature of Qingdao turned to be a harbor city characterized by light textile industry. Beginning from its second occupation, Japan designed the nature of Qingdao to be:"center of North China transportation, base for military use and economic development in North China, and an important industrial area and tourist city."When the Nanjing government took over Qingdao, it issued The Development Plan for the City of Qingdao, setting its nature as"an industrial, commercial, residential and tourist city'and"the sea outlet of the one of the five major Chinese economic zones—the Yellow Rive Zone."After Japan launched its all-round war of aggression against China, the Plan was abandoned. After Qingdao was liberated, Qingdao's nature as a city was adjusted to"develop light industry, serve as an importing and exporting center, naval base and scenic recuperation area."In 1956, it was readjusted to be"a city for national defense, industry, foreign trade and recuperation."In 1960, it was changed into"a comprehensive city focusing on national defense, industry, harbor and recuperation."And 1978, Qingdao had developed into a comprehensive city characterized by national defense, industry and recuperation from a city of harbor trade and light textile industry. In 1984, the nature of Qingdao was summarized as"a city of light textile industry, trade harbor, oceanographic research and tourism."In 2003, a new strategic proposal was raised to build Qingdao into a manufacturing industry base, and set up a cluster of cities on Jiaodong peninsula. Qingdao was planned to be the center of this cluster of cities. Through scientific planning, it aims at becoming a modern metropolitan city"with three key arrangements, expansion along one line, and development in groups."The significance of this thesis is to discuss how to build Qingdao into a regional central city with multiple and comprehensive functions at the fastest pace and with the best standard under the guidance of the scientific outlook on development.