Review Qiying' Diplomatic Activities In The Opium War

In this paper,the theme is Qiying's diplomatic activities during the Opium War.Qiying is one of the main representative of the external representations during the period of Opium War. Take an overall view of the Opium War, it is the beginning of China's modern diplomacy, the signs that Chinese feudal society urned into the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society step by step. During the Opium War, Western gunboats opened the door of the Qing Dynasty, the ruling class of the Qing Dynasty cooled and desperated, resulted in failure.In the case of sccessive defeat in the war.As the representatives of the Qing government.Qiying was pushed onto the stage of modern diplomacy. However, the course of diplomacy is full of humiliation, frustration and pitfalls.This article is divided into three parts to study Qi ying's diplomatic activities before and after the war.Part 1: Before and after the Opium War Qiying's anti-smoking campaign and the prevented activity in Fengtian port . This part can be divided into two.(I)Qiying's anti-smoking activities.Early in the war Qiying was a advocate of the accept battle,Positive anti-smoking. And strictly prevented Qiren from smoking Opium, and punished those officials who Investigated and dealed with fairs falsely. Strictly surpervise the chief of total Romanian, Cabinet Ministers hree flag Assistant leader,and the Association, Assistant leader,from Manchuria, Mongolia, Han. as well as warders , Association Link, Defense Wei etc.Identified detailedly and seperatively their staffs, the availability of opium smoking, Inventories reported truthfully without its people, India is also a node plus the Treasury, reported monthly to come to their inspection.Qiying also used Baojia system as a means of anti-smoking Opium, in order to play a role in mutual insurance system, Qiying ordered local officials to inspect detailedly and carefullyfrom time to time, and sent aides to inspect key areas secretly. To feign, harboring hidden from each other, once identified, with severe punishment imposed. Qiying'anti- smoking Opium in Fengtian made some achievements. After the ban on smoking in Guangzhou, Qiying complied with court orders in the defense-oriented, rigorous anti-smoking activities, and will focus on preventing the British vessel traders traveling north up smoking. (â…¡)Qiying's prevent activities in the Fengtian port. Qiying condered Shengjing as fundamental powerhouse that should defensive more strictly, Qiying's idea is well thought of, it has also received praise from Daoguang.Part 2: Qiying's Compromise diplomacy during the Opium War.This part can be divided into two.(I) resistance shift to compromise. From the outbreak of the Opium War in 1840 to May Twenty-two years of daoguang before Zhapu falled, Qiying showed attitude of supporting to Exterminate foreigners and Show strong to British. However, when he saw the front-line defeat of the British gunboats, Could not resist, there is no war to get victory. In this case Qiying is brave enough to disclose the truth of battlefield to Daoguang, that halter tie up with the British representative and the truce is an understandable choice.(â…¡)Compromise and Enter into contracts. Daoguang,s attitude on the British changed variously which makes Qiying's Compromise activities twists and turns. However, he believed that the maintenance of representative and is the only option to keep Qing rule, insist on negotiations with the British.under the threat of the British side "shelling open city" the Chinese side accepted all the terms of the British side. Senior entered into a series of treaties,which are extremely difficult under the upset.Part 3:Qiying's diplomatic activities in guangzhou.This part can be divided into two.(I) Qiying's Processing trade in Guangzhou. Qiying believed that what the British are most concerned about is the business.therefore went to guangzhou for trade with a view to improve diplomatic activities . Of course, in the negotiations of the loss of sovereignty, but also gain a number of provisions beneficial to China, such as the increase in import tariffs, the British resisted the attempts to legalize the opium trade.(â…¡)Qiying 's struggle with the anti-entry. After the Opium War, into the city and counter-struggle as a major problem to be resolved,when Qiying dilemma, That he agreed with and promise British to the cities should not be criticized too much.The last part is main evaluation of Qiying.This article holds that Qiying should not be sung the praises of the hero, but do not have to do to punish on the Heart. Thought that he deliberately sold out the country. At that time he was one of the members in the ruling clique.understanding and ability can not break through the restrictions on the times and class, the defeat and the signing of unequal treaties are outcome of the different system between the quality of the inevitable. not caused by his halter tie up and therefore should not add him the stigma of a traitor . Qiying was the same as the vast majority of bureaucrats at that time, ignorance, selfishness in heart, which had a negative impact to some extent on the foreign affairs.How ever the analysis of the history figures should not only study of its own, but put him in a certain degree of social and historical conditions, Through the historical background and the environment analyze the role of the characters to understang the complex and Objectivity of history.