Anti-smoking Campaign In The Late Qing Dynasty Study (1906-1911)

Opium was a very important problem in the whole history of the Late Qing Dynasty . From Lin Zexu, generations of Chinese people carried on one after another anti-opium movement, in which the Anti-Opium Movement at the End of Qing Dynasty was the most effective one . Although the academic circles have studied deeply the Anti- Opium Movement at the End of Qing Dynasty for its importance in the modern Chinese history, there are still a lot of untouched problems. The thesis searched and used broadly the Chinese and English materials: First, the materials in the First History Archives of China: the Whole Archives of the Ministers of the Privy council of the Uanchu Court', the Whole Archives of the Department of the Governmental Affairs. Second, some journals. Third, China Maritime Customs: Returns of Trade and Trade Reports; Decennial Reports, Shanghai:the Statistical Department of the Inspectorate General of Customs. Fourth, the Opium Trade(1910- 1941), London: Scholarly Resources INC.Taking these materials as the basis, with the special subjects as the form, the thesis discusses the relations between the anti-opium imperial decrees and the Anti- Opium Movement at the End of Qing Dynasty, examines carefully the duty, activities .achievements of the Anti-Opium Ministers and the Anti -Opium Bureau, studies the formation, duties of the anti-opium stations in the provinces with a general view; makes the diplomatic process about anti-opium between China and England, the investigation of the England to the the Anti-opium movement and the Anti-opium Conditions between China and England clear, exhibits the situation of the Anti-Opium Movement during the New Reforms at the End of Qing Dynasty from the China Maritime Customs in the hand of the foreign countries, studies the contradictions between the Anti -opium Movement and the finance of the Qing Government of Qing Dynasty, points out the difficulties that produced fromthe Anti-Opium Movement and the perdition of the Qing Dynasty, discusses the active affection of the Revolution of 1911 to the anti-opium movement, states the activities and the results of Xu Jue in the New Anti -Opium Reform, concludes the history characters of the New Anti-Opium Reform, which fill the academic blanks.And this thesis examines more carefully the anti-opium situation of the districts during the New Reforms at the End of the Qing Dynasty , shows the contradictory relations between the tax and lijin with the finance of the Qing Government with the more exact statistics , describes more deeply the situation of anti-opium during the Revolution of 1911, concludes and explains more deeply and completely the achievement, affections, limits and their reasons of the New Anti-Opium Reform at the End of Qing Dynasty.The thesis negatively investigates the problem if the f General Anti-opium Bureau was built. After the carefully study of the Chinese and English materials, the thesis finally proves that although the Qing Government had discussed to build the General Anti -Opium Bureau , it was not built at last. The thesis investigates the date when the Department of the Government Affairs reported the Anti- opium Regulations to emperor. The date in the Record of Guang Xu Period edited by Zhu Shoupeng was November twelfth 1906, but the report of the Diplomatic Department wrote on the diplomatic situation about anti-opium thought the date should be November 21st 1906. According to the notes about anti- opium between China and England, the thesis proves that the late one is more like the f act.The thesis first uses the word "the New Anti-Opium Reform at the End of Qing Dynasty" to conclude theoretically the Anti-Opium Movement during the New Reforms at the End of Qing Dynasty. To the partial tendency that the modernization problem of China is emphasized and the revolution problem of China is overlooked, the thesis studied the affection f the Revolution of 1911 to the anti-opium movement, demonstrates the dialectic between the social revolution and the social modernization, concludes firmly that...