How Can Metaphysics Be Possible

Metaphysics is the product of human reason. Reason has a natural desire of exploration of things, and it always wants to establish an absolute integrated knowledge system. Metaphysics comes from the conatus of reason. It is knowledge of studying the ultimate basis of all the beings. It is a kind of magnificent theory aiming to the ultimate foundation of existence of human beings. In the past metaphysics existed. Now it is exists. In the future it will exist.Since Aristotle, during the time over 2000 years there was no perfect answer of metaphysics. In the modern times all different metaphysicians went on their own way, so that metaphysics fell into disorder.Where is metaphysics going? How does metaphysics exist and develop? Kant took the unavoidable duty of answering this question. Kant pointed out straightly that dogmatist and skeptic said nothing to infinite whole. Kant said that we could not give up research of metaphysics, world need metaphysics, and every man with thought need metaphysics. But for lack of a general standard, everybody could build his own metaphysics, and the metaphysics at present could not satisfy all demands. However we could not give it up. To rebuild metaphysics Kant decided to criticize the cognitive ability of reason. We must annihilate the old metaphysics so that we can construct the future metaphysics.Kant thinks as a conatus of reason metaphysics is real, but metaphysics itself is unreal. For traditional metaphysics, the basic problems are soul world and God. These problems have being existed for over 2000 years since Aristotle. But it is not science, the real scientific metaphysics has not being constructed. Why? In Kant's eyes, people construct metaphysics with reason from time to time, but people never review reason itself. Kant thinks we must review and criticize reason. We must study reason and redraw the boundary of human cognition so that we can differ metaphysics from other knowledge. This is the necessary condition of rebuilding metaphysics. Rational criticism must join all the a priori concepts in to a complete table of concepts no matter where these concepts come from, perception intellectuality or reason. We must analysis all the concepts and understand all possible results of them. Especially we must understand the possibility of transcendental synthesis from the deduction of priori concepts, the rules of using transcendental synthesis and the boundary of use. Besides, we need to put them into a complete system. Only criticism can differ true knowledge from illusion. So mysticism can be expelled and metaphysics is leaded to science.Kant takes reason as the highest ability of human cognition. Intellectuality is an ability of rule. Reason is an ability of principle. Intellectuality gets unity from phenomenon, so it only works in phenomenon world and it only gets relative, conditional knowledge. Reason has ability of getting unity of intellectual rules under some principle. It exceeds the phenomenon world and reaches the cognition of ontology. It takes infinite things as its object, and demand holding absolute, infinite whole to obtain a complete unity not relying on experience. Kant gives reason a notion of rational necessity whose objects can not show in any experience. This is called"idea". Idea is a product which comes from the requiring of absolute unity deducting from conditional things by reason. It is an idea of priori criticism, and absolute basis of all experienced objects. Priori idea includes three concepts: soul, universe and God. The result of conatus of reason is an unavoidable product. It is something ideal and exceeds the boundary of knowledgeable experience. We can not find an object of priori idea or give corresponding objects to our sense. Old metaphysics takes ontology as phenomenon, and takes something unsaying as object of knowledge. It takes idea as real existence result in illusions. How can expose the illusions? Kant emphasizes that we can not study objectively in dogmatic mode. Instead we should explore things subjectively through reason itself.Old metaphysics took ontology as object of cognition and brought kinds of unavoidable dustups. Because ontology is the principle of experienced knowledge. We can only use it to regulate knowledge but not to construct principle to obtain knowledge. Existence of God, immortality of soul, freedom of will is all fake knowledge. We must eliminate fake knowledge, and then real morality, aesthetics comes up. There is no room standing for ontology in knowledge theory. But we can experience it in experience of moral and good. That is to say, to save metaphysics we have to seek support outside knowledge, in moral and religion. Metaphysics is not possible as some scientific knowledge, but it has a basis in moral and religion. That is called moral metaphysics. Kant tries to limit knowledge within phenomenon world in order to reserve room for belief. That is to reserve room for moral metaphysics which Kant yeans.No matter rational or irrational, no matter what attitude we take to metaphysics, no matter we approval or disapproval, metaphysics will exist. Studying metaphysics is the important job of philosophy. No matter how opponents attack Kant, the essences of his theory will not disappear. It will be shining on our way.