Kant's Metaphysics And Its Modern Significance

Metaphysics plays a dominant role in the western philosophy. It embodies human being's knowledge about the world and philosophers' wisdom in thinking, and this is the statement that the philosophy is the spiritual essence in our times. But with the development of times, especially in the 20th century, metaphysics was confronted with heavy criticisms: the Logical Empiricism and its verificational principle refused and excluded metaphysics. The trend of thought of the Post-modernism philosophy advocates to deconstruct the metaphilosophy, etc.. These situations make us reflect the value of metaphysics. In such circumstance, it is of great significance and enlightenment to re-examine Kant's masterpieces and his metaphysics.Then, what's the metaphysics in Kant's opinion? How can we prove the irrationalism of the Logical Empiricism and the Post-modernism in the light of metaphysics from Kant's metaphysics? This is the purport of this dissertation.This dissertation includes three parts besides the preface. The first part is on the metaphysics before Kant, in which we'll look back to the history of metaphysics from its origin in ancient Greek to recent times when metaphysics was faced with all kinds of difficulties. The second part is on the metaphysics in Kant's eyes, including Kant's critiques of the traditional metaphysics and his reconstruction of metaphysics. The third part is on the modern significance of Kant's metaphysics , in which the Logical Empiricism and the Post-modernism which were opposed to metaphysics in the 20th century are clarified. In this way, we prove that we must take the Kant's ideas seriously because Kant not only held a firm belief in the objective rationality ofthe scientific knowledge, but also poured great enthusiasm into human being's reason, just like his claim, " At no time will metaphysics be overlooked" !...