The Virtue Theory In The View Of Kant

Kant's philosophy is known for its extensive and profound, the "three critical" as the representative of the critical philosophy has been paid widespread attention and studied. However, the critical philosophy is not entirety of Kant's philosophy, practical philosophy such as moral philosophy, legal philosophy, political philosophy and social philosophy should also be included in. In fact, according to Kant, his philosophy should be divided into two parts, one is the part of transcendental philosophy, and the other is part of moral metaphysics. The first part was well known, not only for the publication of its representative works is earlier, but also because this part of the development is more systematic; the latter part been relatively neglected, not only because of the publication of its representative works is later, but also because they are not well be able to form a system. Nevertheless, the importance of this part can not be underestimated, and as the core of Kant's late philosophy should have more widespread concern. This is also the starting point of this article. This article in accordance with Kant's idea of his own system of moral metaphysics as well as the building of the system on the order of the books published objectively, the "Foundations of moral metaphysics" and "moral metaphysics" are explained, with an emphasis on analysis of the virtue in order to have a more in-depth understanding of Kant's moral metaphysical and to be able to obtain a new understanding.This article can be divided into five parts:The introduction part is mainly on the statement of the construction of Kant's moral metaphysics. First of all, this article described the situation of the translation of Kant's philosophical works, so that we can see the part of Kant's critical philosophy has got more attention from the domestic academic. And, the article through the letter of Kant's access to information, described by Kant himself envisaged the construction of moral metaphysics, as well as the implementation of the final objective. So that we get a complete statement on the construction of Kant's moral metaphysics, and lay a foundation of the following part.The first chapter is the foundations of moral metaphysics. This part is mainly analysis of the book "Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals" as a foundation of the system of moral metaphysics. This chapter is divided into three sections, the first section is the transitional aspect of moral metaphysics, moral metaphysics, as the middle level of the role of moral metaphysics briefly make note; the second section is two important concepts: good will and absolute statute, which is the analysis of two specific concepts. This is the core concept of the book "moral metaphysics" and also the most important part of this chapter. The third section is the transition from the foundations of moral metaphysics to the moral metaphysics, which is the transition from the " Foundations of moral metaphysics " to "moral metaphysics" in the process of change in thought for a brief and objective circumstances, While strokes along moral metaphysics system vein, bring us to the next part of article.The second chapter is the virtue theory. This part is some of the specific analysis of introduction of the virtues in the book "moral metaphysics". Kant's theory of virtue as the core of moral metaphysics, is of great significance, it is also the core of this article. This chapter is divided into three sections, the first section, to explain the concept of virtue is the virtue of the connotation that made a virtue of virtue are the core for the study and at the same time the theory of analysis of obligations to the obligations theory; the second section, what is virtue, virtue is summed up the characteristics of virtue to conduct in-depth grasp of the concept, will come to the moral virtue is strength, and it is has a duty to obtain the human person really significance; the third section, what is meant by virtue of the obligation is the obligation to explore the concept of virtue obligation process and legal rights obligations and the obligations of virtue compared to that of the entire obligation in order to finally obtain a preliminary understanding of the system.The third chapter is the theory of obligation. This part is the in-depth analysis of the part of element of the ethical in "moral metaphysics". Kant on the obligations of this chapter in accordance with the division is divided into two sections, the first section , the general obligations of their own, are from two aspects, that is entirely their own obligations and not entirely of their own obligations, the obligation to give to people as persons and the collection of obligations that must be carried out under an obligation to explain the reduction to absurdity; the second section, the virtue of obligation to others, through the two areas, namely the obligation to others and love for others and deserve the respect of obligations of others, people should be under an obligation to others and should not be made the bad habits of the breach of an obligation to carry out the detail.The conclusion part describes the significance of Kant's moral metaphysics. Primarily by two aspects, one is significance of Kant's moral metaphysics itself, although its intention to consider constructing an ideal purpose kingdom, but it should not therefore be characterized as an empty formalism theory, are in fact there is a specific content in moral metaphysics; on the other hand, Kant is the philosopher, the impact for future generations, Hegel and Rawls described as an example, reflecting the significance of Kant's moral metaphysics in the history of philosophy.