A Contrastive Study Of Chinese And Japanese Demonstratives

Demonstrative which is often used in Chinese and Japanese is a common language component. The question of it has been also paid attention to by linguists for a long time. In recent years, the contrastive study of Chinese and Japanese demonstratives, especially in sections and chapters of the function of linking up gets more attention from scholars. This passage refers to achievements in research that made by predecessors and analyses their difference and similar in structure, mainly comparing demonstrative pronouns of这/那in modern Chinese with that ofコ/ソ/アin Japanese in grammar, meaning and usage, which is based on analyzing the present situation of this research.This passage is made up of five parts.Chapter One: Come up with the content of this research. The passage's starting point is according to sum up the present situation of Chinese and Japanese demonstratives find out the shortcoming of predecessor's achievement in research to determine the scope and method of the passage.Chapter Two: Definite the concept of demonstratives, distinguish Chinese and Japanese demonstratives, contrast to their structure. According to contrast, we find that Chinese demonstratives have more scope than that of Japanese, and their structures are different in their nature. According to their forms ,in Chinese, there are two parts :proximal and distal while in Japanese there are three parts .Based on demonstratives indicate something or someone whether is close to the speaker or not ,in Chinese there are proximal demonstratives and distal demonstratives. That is to say, when subject indicates something close to the speaker, we use这,on the contrary, we use那.While in Japanese, the reference is not only one including the speaker and the listener.Chapter Three: Compare the grammar of Chinese and Japanese demonstratives. When这/那+ noun/measure word,这/那is subject or object in a sentence.这/那+ verb/adjective as is often the case,这/那is adverbial. When这/那is only used,这/那is often subject not object. While in Japanese demonstrative pronouns are used as subject, object, besides they are followed byだ,です,である,でありますand so on. used as verb. In Chinese这/那only indicates the single thing when indicates plural things这些,那些,这么些,那么些are used. In Japaneseこれら,それら,あれらare used to indicates plural things, butこれ,あれ,それare not only to indicate single thing but also plural things.Chapter Four: Compare them in meaning. They both determine the things indicated according to distance. Distance including space, time and psychology. In addition, they both have the meaning subjunctive mood.Chapter Five: Contrast in their usage. Demonstratives are divided into direct pronouns and indirect pronouns according to Wang Daoying(2003).There are three forms in explicit of Chinese demonstratives. Namely, behind them + nouns that represent people, only used as the function of demonstratives, or behind them + people's name. There isn't the third form in Japanese. Chinese and Japanese demonstratives both indicate person这/那can indicate the third person.コ/ソ/アalso indicate the third person. In Japanese,コindicates the first person.ソindicates the second person.这/那has not this usage.When indicate things, demonstratives are antagonism and merger; according to the things have different space with the listener and the speaker.这/那simply depends on the speaker indicating things is far from the indicating things or not, not considering the distance of the listener.When indicate direction. Cininese is often person +demonstrative pronouns, for example:我这里,小明那儿and so on. Person includes people's name, personal pronoun, collective noun. but in Japanese, there is no this function. When indicate extent, they both are very similar.In directs mainly include anaphora and cataphora.这is more than那in Chinese, relying on far or not in the context. While in Japanese the usage of anaphoraコ/ソ/アmainly considering psychological factors.In Chinese这is more than那depending on psychology. Cataphora can only useコ系rather thanソ系orア系.Not only anaphora but also cataphora is important in context linking up. When they both are used at the same time, the context not only avoids repeating and trivial details, but also joins the context tightly.According to comparing, in theory, we'll check and practice university linguistics and further deepen the understanding of common. connection of human language. In practice, we use the knowledge of contrast linguistics to study the contrast of the among of languages in the same period, hoping provide definite evidence of the deeper level of contrast study and variation and development of regulation for two languages. This passage provide reference and proof in teaching Chinese as a foreign language especially for Japanese.