Study On The Function Word Of The Dunhuang Xuanquan Bamboo Slips

Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty from Xuanquan were unearthed in Dunhuang Tianshuijing which is 3 km in southeast direction of the Xuanquan home sites of Han Dynasty, the sites was located in the junction of Anxi and Dunhuang Country,the junction was called Andun Road, which was 1 km in the south of the Gobi Desert, Xuanquan is a Post Station institutions of the Han&Wei periods. Bamboo Slips of Xuanquan were unearthed which had provided very valuable first-hand information in military,economic,cultural, legal, ethnic relations, Chinese and Western transportation, language, calligraphy and other fields of study .This article mainly conducts the research from the function word aspect to Bamboo Slips of Xuanquan, we have made simple statistics to the Bamboo Slips of Xuanquan 's function word, including the preposition, the conjunction , the auxiliary and the suffix.This article is mainly divided into five major parts:PartⅠ: We will introduce the unearthed situation of the Dunhuang Xuanquan bamboo slips and each discipline's research situation on the Dunhuang Xuanquan bamboo slips.We also point out the function word type on the Dunhuang Xuanquan bamboo slips.Because there is only one suffix"ran(然)"in the Xuanquan bamboo slips, it serves as the adjective suffix in the article,so we will introduce it in the preface.PartⅡ:The preposition has 12 words which are"zi(自)""cong(從)""yi(以)""yu(於)""jin(盡)""ji(及)""zhu(諸)""dang(當)""wei(為)""yu(與)""yin(因)""zuo(坐)"and the total amount of examples are 197.They may divide into 5 minor sorts according to the content, including the object, the tool and the way, the reason, the time and the quarter. In the article there has the word overlapping phenomenon,"yi(以)"is the most obvious and its frequency is the highest."jin(盡)""ji(及)""wei(為)""yu(與)""yi(以)"and so on words are belong to two or above two sorts . In the Xuanquan bamboo slips,the most uses preposition is"yi(以)",the next is"wei(為)","jin(盡)"also appear many times."yu(于)"does not appear in Xuanquan bamboo slips,which is used frequently in the pre-Qin period,"yu(於)"only has two examples.The preposition of the Dunhuang Xuanquan bamboo slips compose the preposition phrase are mainly used to be adverb. The preposition's total quantity is not very big, it basically carries on pre-Qin Chinese,the new production words are not many, they are also continuing to use on Han Dynasty and have the very strong stability.PartⅢ:The conjunction has 13 words which are"nai(迺)""er(而)""yin(因)""huo(或)""bing(并)""ruo(若)""ze(則)""qie(且)""gu(故)""qi(其)""yu(與)""ji(及)""yi(以)"and the total amount of examples are 63.They can divide into 7 minor sorts according to the different expression relates, including the coordinate conjunction, the alternative conjunction, along receives the conjunction, the goal conjunction, the causes and effects conjunction, the transition conjunction and the supposition conjunction. The conjunction division of labor is quite explicit,except for"yi(以)""ruo(若)""ji(及)""er(而)",other 9 conjunctions only use for connecting one kind of relations.The number of the different category's conjunction appearance times are different a lot: the coordinate conjunction and the along receives the conjunction Present many times. Between the word and the word,its used frequency is different a lot:"yi(以)"is used most,the next is"ji(及)""yu(與)""ruo(若)",Other conjunction are not many used,just as"nai(迺)""ze(則)""qie(且)""qi(其)""huo(或)""yin(因)",they present only one time. The conjunction of the Xuanquan bamboo slips carries on the pre-Qin Chinese. Each conjunction both carring on and development, they make the sentence to be more systematic and closely. PartⅣ:The auxiliary has 11 words whichare"zhe(者)""zhi(之)""suo(所)""yan(言)""ye(也)""deng(等)""zhai(哉)""hu(乎)""wei(唯)""yi(矣)"and the total amount of examples are 244.They can divide into 3 minor sorts according to the grammatical function, including the structure auxiliary, the particles indicating mood, the enumerate auxiliary.The auxiliary usages is quite unitary, and it mainly carries on the pre-Qin Chinese. Compared with pre-Qin Chinese, the auxiliary of Xuanquan bamboo slips system has its own characteristic, the particles indicating mood are many on the pre-Qin time ,but it does not use in the Xuanquan bamboo slips.The usages of"zhi(之)"is not active as the pre-Qin period,"shi(是)"has not appeared in the article,"zhe(者)"constitutes"zhe(者)"character structure and"suo(所)"constitutes"suo(所)"character structure are used many times in the written language,"ye(也)"is the most uses particles indicating mood,most articles indicating mood express indicative mood and the question mood.other structure auxiliary have basically continued to use in the modern Chinese.Only"zhai(哉)"is used to express sighs expression.The indicating mood of the Xuanquan bamboo slips completely carries on pre-Qin Chinese, and they also have certain development on the pre-Qin Chinese's foundation. The enumerates auxiliary"deng(等)"carries on pre-Qin Chinese,"deng(等)"starts to appear in the Warring States time literature, but it still not to see in the literature to the Western Han Dynasty time. The material of Xuanquan bamboo slipes are spoken language, the usage frequency of"deng(等)"is very high, the same as the modern Chinese.PartⅤ:The Bamboo Slips of Xuanquan is the unearthed reliable literature, its function word system retained the characteristic of pre-Qin Chinese, but also had the further development. Some words have the obvious concurrently kind., some word's usage attenuates gradually, the new word and the new usage produce gradually. The Han Dynasty are the transitional stage in Chinese history, these word's development is precisely key character in the Chinese history transition period.