Study On The Rural Public Canteens In The Three-difficult-years

From 1959 to 1961,the Chinese people experienced the three-difficult-years.During the three years,Chinese farmers mainly ate in the public canteens.So the public canteens leaved an enormous and far-reaching impact on Chinese farmers and Chinese society.The paper is based on preachievements and is guided with Marxist dialectical materialism and Marxist historical materialism.The object of the paper is to make a micro-study to the Dongziyan public canteen in Xinle,Hebei combined with the relative theory and method of sociology and history.The paper begins with the process ups and downs of Dongziyan public canteen and analyses this public canteen during the three-difficult-years used of field research and quantitative analysis methods.Further the paper makes an objective historical evaluation to the rural public canteens in the three-difficult-years.The introduction is the first part of this paper,which discussed the presentation and the significance of questions,the research status at home and abroad,research ideas,the framework,the method of research and something about Dongziyan..Then is text,which is divided into third parts:In the first part,the author put the Dongziyan public canteen on the nationwide background,and analyzes the reasons of setting up it.In the author's opinion,the establishment of the rural public canteens are not only the illusions that the leading comrades of the central authorities,like Mao Zedong,to socialism,but also the follow-up influences of the revolutionary war's experience.At the same time,it is the actual choice of solving the problem of labor shortage in the "Great-Leap-Forward".It is the result of the country's support and encouragement,and also has intimate relationships with peasants' endorsement and support.Based on this,it combed out Dongziyan public canteen's development process, following establishment,trial shake-up,hard maintenance and quiet dissolution.The second part starts with analyzing the difficulties that Dongziyan public canteen faced in that three years,and takes Dongziyan as a special case.It has two broad areas, politically-oriented,democratic management and using grain regularly,comprehensive arrangements and analyzed the specific measures of overcoming famine in the three-difficult-years. Politically-oriented and democratic management is divided into two aspects,that is, strengthening political leadership and developing reasonable systems.Using grain regularly and comprehensive arrangements is divided into three aspects,that is,using grain regularly, making vegetables replace it and increasing the production of food. The third part is the multi-dimensional look at the rural public canteens in the three-difficult-years.It tries to break the common understanding in the oretical horizon that the rural public canteen merely strengthened the difficult situation,and makes an objective evaluation to the rural public canteens' effect in the three-difficult-years from the negative and positive two prospects.In the author's opinion,during the three-difficult-years,the rural public canteens indeed caused some problems,such as dampened peasant's enthusiasm in production,resulted in many inconvenience of lives and deteriorated the relationship between the Party and the masses.However,under such difficult circumstances,it had certain positive effects.For example,it ensured that everyone has a low standard meal eat,reduced the peasant's feeling of panic effectively and enhanced the peasant's collective concept to some extent.Therefore,we should not hold an overall negative attitude to the rural public canteens in the three-difficult-years.Through the special analysis to the Dongziyan public canteen,this paper tries to make an objective historical evaluation to the rural public canteens in the three-difficult-years.It can not only help us draw lessons and overcome the "Left" or "Right" mistakes,but also help us further clarify and deepen the understandings to the Party and the country's rural policy.At the same time,it can draw on the experience of building a new socialist countryside and put the work of building well-off society forward in all-round.