The Research On The Russian Immigration And The Development Of Harbin Schooling In Modern Times.

Immigration is a significant feature of the population development in Heilongjang Province, with a long history, varied types and a huge migration. At the turn of the 19th-20th century, with the final establishment of the international colonial system, China was forced into the world system and was in an unequal power relation with other countries. This period of time witnessed the violent social transformation in China and the dramatic social changes in the Northeast of China. The immigrants rushed in from both home and abroad, which formed one of the largest population immigrations in chinese history.Most of the immigrants settled in Harbin during the years when the Northeast China was invaded and conquered by Japanese and Russian invaders. There was a huge migration of Russians into Harbin because of the building of Chinese Eastern Railway. During the period of the Republic of China, their culture had been systematized and had adopted an important role in architecture, social conventions, education, thoughts and language as well. It exerted huge and far-reaching influence upon the development of culture in the Northeast China, though the influence was both negative and positive.Education dominated the change of regional culture and facilitated the development of regional culture. The development of education and its structures are closely related to the advancing of the social history. The thesis mainly discussed the relationship of Russian immigrants and Harbin modern education through collecting, analyzing the materials and statistics, with reference to the social and historical background.The first chapter is a general introduction of the Russian immigrants in Harbin. The reasons, processes and ingredients of the immigration are discussed and analyzed with reference to the natural and geographical environment. It's concluded that with the increase of the Russian immigrants in Harbin, it became necessary to set up schools to solve the problem of their children's education.The second chapter consists of three parts, dealing with the Russian immigrants and the development of Harbin modern education. The first is the rising of Harbin from a small fishing village to the carrier of the modern education of Russian immigrants due to the building of the Chinese Eastern Railway. The second is the influence of the innovation of academic system to Heilongjiang during the New Politics of late Qing Dynasty. The last is about the educational activities of Russian immigrants in Harbin recounted chonologically. Higher education developed fast after the October Revolution whereas primary education was the focus.The third chapter summarizes the main characteristics of the modern education in Harbin: the Russian immigrants had active and obvious impact on the modern education in Harbin and the Sino Russian cultural exchange. The flourishing of the modern education in Harbin was realized by the individuals'and the government's efforts as well.In the conclusion, the reflections of the Russian immigrants setting up modern schools in Harbin is discussed. It's useful to study and reflect the cultural education conducted by the Russian immigrants, especislly the achievements of the modern school education in Harbin though the motivation and behavior of Russian invasion of the Northeast China can never be forgotten and avoided.