Research On Gagaku In Wei, Jin And Southern Dynasties

Gagaku means the formal music that is used in jiaomiao and chaohui ritual.It is an essential component in the Rite and Music ideological system of the Confucianism as well as an important political culture in ancient China.The Western Zhou Dynasty is the peak of the prosperity in rite and music.Gagaku in Western Zhou is also the ideal model to the later gagaku construction.After the Propriety has been broken and Music has been fallen in Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period,Western Han Dynasty was first dedicated to the gagaku revival,which was succeeded by Eastern Han Dynasty.That formed a unique gagaku system created by the Two Hans.In its process,The function that gagaku was regarded as the historic concepts of imperial power and state power was continuously strengthened.From the early medieval period in China,the whole country was split,which was accompanyed by the weak imperial power and the faint position of Confucian.However,the construction of rite and music system was still highly valued in each dynasty and developed quickly in this period.The development of gagaku in Weijin and Southern Dynasties can be divided into two section.One is that the decree and historical record of Two Hans was lost in the war that happened at the end of Eastern Han Dynasty.Fortunately,Caowei Kindom and Western Jin Dynasty preserved the old music of Han and set up the model on that of the ancient in gagaku writing of abdication.The other is that after the Eastern Jin Dynasty ferried to the south of Yangtz River,the political situation in the south aera tended to be stable.Meanwhile ,the old Han Wei music was also carried to the south region due to the musician's migration to the south. Surbmerged In the prosperities of research on Five Rites System and south unique cultrual atmosphere,gagaku of Southern Dynasties was led to develop into its peak.By the accumulation of former dynasties,there were some unprecedented achievement in the period of Liang Dynasty including musical instrument,Temperamentology development and state musical system,which made the gagaku in Liang become formal.In the development of gagaku in Weijin and Southern Dynasties,the basic trend has been defined that the gagaku writing style was modeled on that of the ancient and combined with music.Afterwards,each dynasty followed this trend .The gagaku system finally formed in Liang Dynasty became the model of its construction in Sui and Tang Dynasty. At the moment ,part of the south music changed form popular into cultured,which formed the later SuiTang music.That became the basis of gagaku in SuiTang period.This article put the gagaku in Weijin and Southern Dynasties into the background of whole musical development from Han to Tang and research it on different sections.It also illustrates the basic trends and its internal regulations of gagaku development at this period in several respects including the process of gagaku writing,the system of gagaku as well as its special characteristics of the times and the influence on gagaku in SuiTang period,etc.