Rising And Preliminary Development Of Jining (1919～1956)

Jining (Jining region, Wulanchabu city), is the important gateway of our country's northern border since the ancient times, which enjoys a long standing reputation—the major city beyond the northern border of China. It lies in the midwest of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and located at the south of Huitengliang of Yinshan mountain covering the area of 114 square kilometers. Jining means the peace for the market and symbols luck. Jining stands at the junction of Inner Mongolia and the northeast. The superior geographical position and the construction of Pingsui railroad make Jining emerge rapidly in such a short time. Researching Jining's appearance as a function city, as well as the relations and effects of transportation, commercial trade, the immigrant increase and the enhancement of military status, and so on has a very important significance to know and research the development of the northern border city.This thesis mainly introduces geographical position of Jining and Jining's gradual development and historical process before the construction of Pingsui railroad from the period of Jing and Yuan to 1919. At the same time, this thesis also narrates and analyzes several reasons which affect Jining's thriving, that is, the construction of the railway, the prosperity of commercial trade, the growth of the population, the extension of the street and the importance of military strategy status. This paper describes the preliminary development in detail of Jining from 1919 to 1956, that is, this city's elementary development and the early emergence of the trade from 1919 to 1937. Jining's development is blocked in the war from 1937 to 1948. Jining gets restoration and development after liberating from 1949 to 1956. At last, this thesis summarizes characterizes and influence of Jining's thriving, that is, Jining's major population is the Immigrants, not nature multiplication of local people, Jining emerges because of the railroad, its obvious function characteristic, and this city's spatial structure is different from its traditional city structure. The traditional city of the northern borders is political center, such as Guisui, or economical center, such as Baotou. Before developing into modern city, although Jining is a county town in the period of Jing and Yuan, it has been knocked out by the history. It is the modern railway's construction and the development of commercial trade that make Jining's natural condition and potential advantage bring into play again, and by the advantage of transportation function, Jinning's trade and travel make great progress, its economical attraction gets enhancement and thriving rapidly, which turn into the important city of Suidong's economic region. The gradual development of commercial trade promotes the gradual increase of the population and the growing extension of the street. A lot of needs to flow of goods and people further stimulate flourishing of commercial trade in return. The economical and urban development's interactive relations are promoting Jining's urbanized advancement rapidly, and cause it to become an emerging commercial city.Discussing the reasons of Jining's flourishing has important significance in the developing history of the northern borders'city. Jining's emergence not only symbols the transformation of the northern border city from political center to multiplex economic center, but also is one of the landmark achievements of social economy and city's development in the northern borders.