Survive Against The Embarrassment

1990s is the turning point of Jia Pingwa's literature production. After that, his works had two obvious changes. The first is purchasing the true regression of heart and soul, which is closely combining the individual spirit factors with that current social reality and putting strong life breath into works to strengthen the author's "emotion". The second is paying more attention on the suffering, changing and choosing of people's soul in this transforming China, which reflects the embarrassing living state of the antinomy between urban and rural areas, traditional and modern with the style of easiness and profoundness.This thesis takes Jia Pingwa's river novels as the research object and describes their spiritual features in the whole. After 1990s, his river had two important motives: intellectual and urban-and-rural areas. On the one hand, he deeply opened out the lose of social identity and spiritual dilemma of intellectuals during this transformation period of society and they try to reshape their own rebellious spirit in this embarrassing surviving. In his works, intellectuals own the feature of " soil-like origin", and their "returning" and "leaving" the countryside is a kind of painful course of seeking spiritual way out. On the other hand, Jia Pingao's works possess vivid local-based concept. His concern about the problem between urban and rural areas is rural centered, and he utmostly deploys the living dilemma and rebellious spirit of traditional insisters, which posts farmers' modernity purchasing for adapting modernization and getting rid of the discomforting situation.The formation of the spiritual characteristics of resisting living embarrassment is closely related with Jia's complex individual spiritual factors. After 1990s, his living concept experienced two transformations. After 40 years old. Jia encountered living dilemma, taking life as a kind of embarrassing surviving. After 50, his gradually mild living concept :again deeply contradicted with the reality. The spiritual structure of personality of outside Confucianism and Taoism within and the characteristic of outside Sophie's within the Kennedy's make him bring out the rebellious spirit of breaking through and transcending the living dilemma which greatly impacts his works. In his works, the thinking of Buddhism and Taoism is the starting point of transcending the character, which make characters' rebellious spirit ascribe to foreordination and vanity, and the works present strong pessimism and foreordination.After 1990s, Jia's river novels realize the combination between the description of "present" and "history", and his dialectical understanding of "national" and "global" also sets an example to contemporary literature. However, Jia's spiritual structure personality of outside Confucianism and Taoism within and the purchasing of Han and Tang strength of character are contradicted. The negative morbidezza, excessively strong pessimism and foreordination are fundamentally different from the powerful, heroic and energetic style of the Han and Tang Strength of character, which is just the spiritual limitation of Jia's literature works.