Seclusion Of Intellectuals In The Golden Times Of T'ang Dynasty And The "Nature Personality" Shaping Of Wang Wei

Seclusion is a strong culture of Tang Dynasty. The main reanson is a very good treatment of the hermit. In addition, the rise of imperial examinations, prosperity of villas, the prosperity of Buddhism and Zen also play their certain roles. Emperors of Tang respected the hermit, which led to the envy of a hermit. Therefore, by living in seclusion to ask for a government official position had become a popular shortcut, which formed one special way of seclusion. The Tang Dynasty people called it "Shortcut of Zhongnan Mountain". Under this cultural circumestance, seclusion had its vital role and had taken shape of the intellectuals' life style of Tang Dynasty. Affected on the design of their lives ,it was seclusion after retirement, or implicit that attracted the unhappy officer . In Tang intellectuals' eyes, seclusion is not only to live freely in the pursuit of leisure, but to become a way to maintain "Dao". The example that people imitated was a lofty, unique, aloof personality of recluse's. They integrated the essential factor of recluse's personality to their own personality.Another culture atmosphere is the gentleman people pursues to make great achievements in the glorious age of Tang .People had been out of the house and seek help from officials, exploit the establishment in the battlefield, dead in the test. The pursuit of fame liberated people's psychology, so they discussed the desire of establishing achievements, took themeself as JI and XIE . But, they maintained the elegance and refinement during pursuing academic honor, waited for the proper time to move when they returned to the countryside .This kind of contradiction exists harmoniously on the intellectuals of Tang Dynasty, which has formed "Collective cultural personality". When they come across the setback in the pursuit of career, some people lived in seclusion .They strengthened static characteristic of collective culture personality .In the golden times of T'ang Dynasty, the relation between human and nature has further closed, which entered in the esthetic level and finally the human and the nature gather as a whole. Therefore ,nature is personified because of the main body spirit's investment, simultaneously the main body obtained the extrication because of natural. They sought the spiritual experience practice in the nature .As result, the voiceless landscape has invisibly become embodiment of spirit.Take Wang Wei as representative's countryside scenery poem group is a highly representative kind of poet. When Wang Wei's politic ideal is disillusioned, he considered how to eliminate the life misery. He choosed living in seclusion to search spiritual surmounting and the extrication. He experienced the nature and awared world affairs in aesthetic observation of identity of object and self which to achieve happy to forget sad. Such an attitude reflected in Wang Wei's poetry in which man and nature formed an organic unity. Mountains and rivers in poetry are infected with the personality characteristics of individual .As what Mr. Sun Changwu said: "the Wang Wei's poem manifests the most advantage which developed the new esthetic principle: because of the intense inner feelings, the outside no longer is objective object, but become the "having me in the scene", or even become reflection of my feelings. Also like the Sikongtu said: "Wang wei's and Wei Suzhou's poetry are clear, peaceful, and fine, which include their personality". What was said in Wang Wei's poetry is might seen the peot's image that travel forest and mountain . This article named this kind of the personality image " nature personality".Wang's "nature personality" is the embodiment of ideal personality of the poet, which shows the survival wisdom of the poet .The poet takes the Confucianist, recluse's morality, Taoism's unique, the Buddism as his ideological foundation, takes the empty static esthetic point of view to contemplate the nature, melts the scenery to the emotions. He unfolds one kind of elegant demeanor not to pursue the authority ,which formed personality that characteristiced by noble , pure, spatial static, unconventionally ramble. Corresponding with this kind of personality, his poetry has formed a kind of state of spaciousness, clear spatial, elusively natural, elegant, which has achieved the integration of his personality and his poetry style.