The Government's Titles And Gifts Given Policy To The Ethnic Minorities In The Southwest Of The Song Dynasty

By the time of Song dynasty, the former country's economic center had moved to the southern part, as the result of relocation, the economy of Southern part was eventually better than the Northern. With the economy and population movements, the authorities of Nan song and Bei song paid more attentions to the management and development in southwest minority-inhabited areas. Since then, given titles and gifts to the chieftain and civilian members of tribes in southwest minority regions had became an important issue in minority policies. Through the research of Nan song and Bei song southwest minority's policies, this paper summarizes characteristics and regulations of officers and officialdom in southwest minority regions during this period, which also shows the impact of the given titles and gifts system by using the statistics methods and unifying history and ethnology theories.This paper is composed of four parts.The first part briefly introduces the purpose of the theme and its profound academic significances. Some words:such as "Southwest region", "Regression people", "Periphery prefectures policies" have been defined in this study, as well as resource materials of past study of the issue to clarify the status. It is also concerning the present research about the Given titles and Gifs to southwest minority regions policies.Secondly, the paper elaborates on Titles and Gifts given policies to southwest minorities in periphery prefectures by the imperial from Nan Song and Bei Song dynasty. The given policy was significantly different to upper stratum leaders and civilians. For the upper stratum leaders, Titles and Gifts were given, mainly owing to their submitting, paying tribute, meritorious services, surrenders and others. However, the titles and gifts were given to civilian mainly depending on their coming back from other countries, meritorious works, famine and others.The third part mainly describes the Titles and Gifts given policies to the southwest minorities in non-periphery prefectures. The titles and gifts were received by ruling classes and ruled minorities in Dali region. The given policies for kings, nobles as well as the tribes of Dali region were separately depicted. All these titles and gifts given from Nan Song and Bei Song authorities are carried out around super stratum in southwest minority regions. However, the evidence in titles and gifts given to ruled minorities does not have enough historical support because they didn't have close relationship with Nan Song and Bei Song authorities during that time.The fourth part summarized the whole paper, which includes:the features of Nan song and Bei song imperial entitled office positions to southwest minorities and the impact of titles and gifts given besides Dali regime. The first section concludes the features of Nan song and Bei song imperial entitled positions to southwest minorities by confluence analysis in titles and gifts given on southwest minorities, referring to southwest minority-inhabited areas, concentrates on execute two office position systems in song dynasty and minority regions. The nominal title was in high percentage of the office positions entitled, the attention paid to the proper and different roles of far distance and near distance. A significant proportion still remained bureaucratic politics and minorities'custom from Tang dynasty and Wu Dai dynasty other than some parts overlapped. There also appeared "Recommend by general acclaim" and "Yazhidianzhoushi" situations in periphery prefectures positions entitled in particular. The second and third sections discuss the advantage and disadvantage affection on positions entitled from history and military aspects. Nan song and Bei song imperial entitled positions and gifts given are more beneficial to southwest minorities and themselves. On the whole, it played an important role in southwest regions. It positively promoted the process of National integration and feudalization in southwest minorities regions, which not only maintained the stability in the southwest frontier region and the national integrated, but also enhance the cultural exchange of the areas and peoples.The appendix provides a list which summarizes the status of Titles and gifts given to southwest minorities from Nan song and Bei song imperials.