An Exploration On Developmental Rationality In The Domain Of Development Ethics

The traditional concept of development is formed on the basis of western industrial civilization. It has brought great progress on human material, which has greatly promoted social development. Traditional concept of development is essentially dominated by capital logic, in which maximizing profit is its nature performance, and development is attributed to the growth of material wealth. That'development is naturally reasonable'and that'what can be done is what should be done'are itself philosophical principle. Traditional development concept neglects'what development is good development'and'what is the real purpose of the development'which are issues of values and teleology. If we are directed by this principle, we will think that development is much better than non-development, rapid development is much better than slow development, but we neglect that what is the real purpose of the development and that whether this development can help sustainable development. Not only it has lead to environmental crisis, resource crisis, ecological crisis, energy crisis, but also to human spiritual crisis and human alienation and materialized. Marx had seen the drawback of traditional development concept in 1844. He proposed four aspects of alienated labor which contains alienation of man and work product, alienation of man and labor, alienation of man and our nature and alienation of man and ourselves in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. Heidegger has paid close attention to living conditions of human and criticized alienation of science and technology since the 1930s. He thinks that average state can kill individual differences and intellectual power. He indicated that modern science and technology had cased alienation of technology and man and controlled ourselves. Every thing was operated and made by technology and man had been occupied by temperament of technology. What we can do is that we had to accept the task of technology which is the most important for us. So human will and enthusiasm, and so on, were restricted and distorted. Creativity was sheltered by program and framework by technology, so man would lack spirituality. We became'One Dimensional Man'when we were applied to technology.Ecological Ethics appears when it sees drawback of values and ethics of traditional concept of development, particularly, it sees environmental crisis, resource crisis and population crisis which are cased by traditional concept of development. It can help us to reflect human survival crisis brought by traditional concept of development and its philosophical basic which is modern subjective philosophy. The main features of Nature-Centered Environmental Ethics are: Relationships between people are defined in the domain of traditional ethics extended to the relationship between man and nature; it makes the scope of moral objects in the domain of moral and society extended to the natural world; it puts moral values and rights extended to nature and it thinks that nature also has intrinsic values and rights to survive. Owing to theory defects of Ecological Ethics, it embodies out excessive digestion to human subjectivity and conflicts between'people Reason'and'Physics', and so on. Naturalism which regards the natural world as the moral subject puts completely aside the interests of the dimension of human existence and emphasizes human should respect them. Natural view of Naturalism rejects greatly human practice.We regard Development Ethics as a discipline which contains a variety of disciplines and research methods, which has a very close relationship with such disciplines as politics, economics, sociology, and provides a philosophical support for social development, we therefore must strengthen interdisciplinary research to promote the development of Development Ethics. Development Ethics provides a reasonable position to human, the ethical tension of social development and Marx's theory about social development are philosophical basis about social development. Marx's theory about social development reveals the general law about development of human society and the unity of general and special of social development; it reveals that real people is subject of social development and its final destination social development theory; it indicates that social development is not decided by purely financial factors, but it is promoted by'force'which is composed by economic, political and cultural, moral, and so on.The core values of development ethics is justice. True justice is based on people and the value orientation of true justice is attributed to human. Man is the subject and purpose of all social activities, and social development is ultimately driven by people. All human activities which are based on the human interests can enrich and improve ourselves. Human Sustainable development is founded on the basis of survival. Survival is the premise and objective of all human activities. If we leave people living, we have nothing to talk about.