The Alienated Factors And Ways Of Self-salvation In Hemingway's Works

Alienation refers to the situation that, human beings are deprived of ego, nature, their subjectivity, freedom of the spirit, individuality and humanity and their personalities tend to be differentiated under alien forces. While analyzing works of Hemingway, researchers and scholars in contemporary critic circles acknowledge that Hemingway has created a distorted world that is full of wars, violence, evil, corruption, fear and despair and fully affirm his cognition about alienation, absurdity and nihilism of life. With Hemingway's works as the research specimen, this thesis intends to make detailed analyses of the alienated world that is full of absurdity and nihilism by using Marx's alienation theory, elaborate on alienation factors in them and explore the way of self-salvation advocated by Hemingway in his literary works to fight against being alienated.This thesis is composed of five parts. Part one is the introduction and literature review. Part two analyzes social background of alienation factors in Hemingway's novels. Part three expounds alienation factors in Hemingway's works from three aspects:social production, consumption and human psychology. Part four analyzes Hemingway's fighting against alienation and way of self-salvation by creating heroes of tough guys, establishing connection to the Earth, separating from the materialized world and returning to Nature. Part five is conclusion. With the alienation theory of Marx and Fromm serving as the theoretical foundation, this thesis, by interpreting the works of Hemingway, explores the alienation factors in Hemingway's novels and summarizes the ways of self-salvation when human beings are facing the alienated world.