Study On Marx's Economic Manuscripts Of 1857-1858 In Ethical Thought

The Economic Manuscripts in 1857-1858(The Manuscripts for short in the following part) is a masterpiece criticizing the capitalist system and bourgeois economics. All articles contained in the second Chinese version Collected Works of K. Marx and F. Engels Vol 30 and Group 1 in Vol 31 of Volume 1 contribute to the most important theoretical achievements in this great work. But The Manuscripts is a model for combination of economics and philosophical ethical thinking of Marx rather than a pure economics work abstractly studying on economic phenomena and away from their social areas. It is considered as the original version of Das Kapital and is a very important milestone in the history of development of Marxism. In this work, Marx confirmed his value theory for the first time, and on the basis of this, he developed a theory of surplus value. The theory of surplus value, together with the historical materialism, turned socialism into from a dream a science.In this monumental work, on the base of the analysis of the individual economic and social relations and the evolution of the socio-economic patterns, thinking historical issues to look at personal survival and development issues, Marx profoundly expounded the value theme of "individual-round development" through the materialist view of history, which was the goal to fight that Marx had been fight for a life-long time. This work systematically explained the realistic foundation, social conditions, social dynamics and bright prospects of the individual all-round development. It is the further development, testimony and application of the new concept of history created in The German Ideology, which is focused on the deeply illumination of the original philosophical ethnic viewpoint and presentation of new ideas of alienation, and establishes its own moral position, ethical establish his own moral position, ethical pursuit and value pursuit more deeply and specifically. The reason why Marx's profound and unique exposition on individual all-round development issues had been able to keep improving and scientific and finally became a complete theoretical form and theoretical system lies on that Marx had profoundly and systematically studied on political economics, revealed the law of the entire capitalist and the socio-economic motion, which fully demonstrated his unique ethnic thinking pattern and theories, and clarified that the concept of individual all-round development was not a subjective creation but the result of a historical, materialist, dialectical process. In the social development which includes ethnic and moral development, being historical, procedural, conditional and practical is unified in individuals'acts. As the ultimate goal of history, individual all-round development always regarded "realistic individual" as a historical starting point, pursuing an ideal state of harmonious development of "realistic individual", "full development" and social improvement as well as human civilization and progress.This paper is divided into five parts. The first part introduces the ethics theme of the evolution of Marxism, and tries to make clear from a macroscopical viewpoint, through the systematical analysis of logic evolution of Marxist ethics thoughts, that the value theme "individual all-round development" is the certain sequence of historical development of human society, which is a historical, materialist, dialectical process rather than the Marx's fanciful product of subjective thinking. The second part deals with the scientific proof of individual all-round development by The Manuscripts, and reveals the conditions and the nature and individual existence and development as well as the basic connotation of individual all-round development. The third part discusses the realization conditions of individual all-round development, explains the internal rules between the value request of individual all-round development and social historical conditions, reveals the integrity between exchanges, capital, wealth as well as free time and individual all-round development, and deeply excavates the internal combination of social historical development created by the reaction of human and the society. The fourth part demonstrates the conditions to realize individual all-round development, including education, science and technology and the effect of the system on individual all-round development as well as their relationship. The fifth part offers a conclusion.