The Research On The 13 Famous Actors In Tung Chih And Kuang Hsu In Qing

"the 13 famous actors in Tung Chih and Kuang Hsu in Qing dynasty " drew by the artist Shen Rongpu in Qing dynasty is an essential Chinese painting in the history of Peking opera. The 13 figures in this painting are the famous actors in Tung Chih and Kuang Hsu, who were the founders of the Peking Opera. The previous studies usually focus on the individuals of these 13 famous actors, few research regard them as a whole, so this thesis based on the precious painting will take all the 13 famous actors in the painting as the object to try to investigate the conditions of their performance at that time, and comment on their contribution to the Peking Opera in terms of singing tune, Chinese opera dancing figure, trainning and institution of performance and so on.There are 4 chapters in this thesis.The first chapter will give an overview of the Chinese opera in Tung Chih and Kuang Hsu in Qing dynasty. Kun opera, Yi opera, Qin opera, Bang opera, Hui opera, Han opera and other local operas spread in Bejing in succession, which encouraged Peking Opera to come into being.The second chapter will probe into the naming of the painting "the 13 famous actors",and point out that the painting is a collection of these 13 famous actors' portraits. It introduces these 13 famous actors' life stories, characteristics of their performance, the plays they were adept at, and the contribution they made to the abundance of the plays according to their respective roles.The third chapter demonstrates that the 13 famous actors changed the old institution and the old look of the opera through adopting the merit of Kun Opera and other local operas, especially on the following four aspects: the shift of the main role from female role to male role, the enrichment of the content of the plays, the shift of the artistic focus and alteration of the aesthetic standards.The fourth chapter will analyse the unique contribution made by the 13 famous actors to Peking Opera, which are as follows: the establishment of singing tune, the innovation of the institution of performance, the setup of the professional training classes and the confirmation of the status of Peking Opera.