The Farmland Management System From Qin To Early Han Dynast Focusing On The Research Of The Bamboo And Wooden Scripts

The farmland management system is a set of norms and systems, which makes the farmland as a core. It mainly includes field officer settings, farmland layout planning, the production management, the management of production means and other aspects.The field officers'official title, duties and the relation between these two can be found by sorting the bamboo and wooden scripts, and field officer settings can also be known. At that time, there was a government departments called "Farmland Department", its main duty is managing the farmland affairs. This mainly includes: Neishi,Datian, Dutiansefu, Tiansefu, Tianguanshou, Buzuo,Tiandian. It is on doubt that"Neishi"is the central government level and it is also the highest executive in the field officers system. However,"Datian"is the another name or honorific to"Dutiansefu",which belongs to the county level;"Tiansefu"and"Tianguanshou"are the different addresses for the same official title, they both belong to the township level;"Buzuo"is the another name for"Tianzuo", it is the assistant of the"Tiansefu",which also belongs to the township level. And"Tiandian"is at the bottom of this system. Therefore, a top-down and orderly"field officer system" has been created.In the Qin and early Han Dynasty,an area of Mu is 240 sq.steps. It is a long land which has 1 step width and 240 steps length. There is a path which cut the field into two parts called Zhen(raised paths between fields). One Qing farmland consists of one hundred Mu farmland which are rectangle and paratactic,there is a path on the long side of the farmland. In the farmland boundaries between the farmers, the mounds exist uninterruptedly, and its length, width and height are all four feet high. These mounds are used as boundary and connected by the sunk fences which have foundations with one foot thickness and two feet height. This is only the picture shown by the bamboo and wooden scripts for the farmland system for Qin dynasty. Nevertheless, it can be predicted that it is not the farmland system for the paddy field. in addition, the farmland management system is not strictly carried out in every place. This is only a general standard for forming the farmland system.It is not the end when the government distributes the land to farmers. During the actual production process, it plays an important role in the monitoring of agricultural production, organization of farmland cultivation, promotion of agricultural production, protection the rights of peasants, maintenance of production safety and so on. The management of production means mainly consists of human source management, farmland conveying and animal resource management, etc.The farmland management system of Qin and Han Dynasties is quite complete. Of course, this is only the result by researching on the current bamboo and wooden scripts. Maybe there are some mistakes, with the development of materials discovering, corrections and additions will be carried on.