Study On Adverbs In XinJiaoYuanKanZaJuSanShiZhong

XinJiaoYuanKanZaJuSanShiZhong is of great value for the study of Chinese in Yuan Dynasty. Because its edition is comparatively reliable, its age is comparatively exact, its oral degree is comparatively high and it reflects the language appearance which is comparatively all-round in Yuan Dynasty.The research methods in the article include the statistics, the static description, and the historical comparative study.Basing mainly on the semantic functional characteristics, we divide the 242 adverbs in XinJiaoYuanKanZaJuSanShiZhong into eight sub-categories: scope adverbs, degree adverbs, time adverbs, frequency adverbs, cumulative adverb, condition method adverb, modal adverbs and negative adverbs.We carry on the statistics and the static description to the frequency of use and the grammatical functions of each kind of the adverbs, and we reveal the total appearance of the adverbs quite comprehensive.The article summarizes the basic characteristics of adverbs in XinJiaoYuan KanZaJuSanShiZhong from many aspects. As for the syllable features,there are 127 monosyllabic adverbs, 93 syllable adverbs and 22 three-syllable adverbs; As for the structural form, there are 130 simple adverbs and 112 synthesis adverbs. The synthesis adverbs are divided into synthetic compound and the additional type, and the compounds adverbs are divided into parallel, subordinate, predicate and object, predicate and re-analysis of five structure type. There are 8 adverb suffixes"ran,de,de,zi,li,ge,sheng,lai"in the additional type. For the grammatical function, the adverbs can modify VP, AP, NP, NumP and S, different sub-category adverbs have different compositions to modify. Most of these adverbs can be used as adverbial, there is only one adverb"shi fen"can be used as complement. And for the adverb successive application, it embodies its variety and complexity: successive application of 2 same sub-category adverbs, 2 different sub-category adverbs and 3 sub-category adverbs. Degree adverbs, time adverbs, negative adverbs can be used successively with all other sub-category adverbs except frequency adverbs. Some adverbs can also be in either front or behind when they are in successive application.This article also selects the degree adverbs respectively from XinJiaoYuanKanZaJu SanShiZhong and DunHuangBianWen and make a diachronic comparison between them.