The Fieldwork About The Culture And Schooling Of The Jing Nationality

The Jing nationality is one of the national minorities in China, with the population of about 20,000 up to now. As the local Jing people say, the number of the real Jing people is only over 10,000 regardless of the collaterals. In addition, the Jing nationality is one of the most affluent national minorities, and only originated in Guangxi. The three islands, Wanwei, Wutou and Shanxin in Dongxing city, Guangxi, are the compact communities in where the Jing nationality lives. They face the Beibu Bay of the South China Sea, stand against the Shiwan Mountain Range in the north, with the first class highway connecting Fangchenggang in the east and Dongxi city in the west. As a cross-border national minority, the Jing nationality shares the same origin, similar customs and languages with the main nationalities in Vietnam. Many people live by the border from the two places can speak Chinese, Vietnamese and local Cantonese, which promotes easier communication, and also enables the Jing nationality directly develop the border trades and engage in the intermediary business in the world trade activities. After reform and opening up, the Jing people seized the opportunity that the China-Vietnam border ports were opened, and realized the national affluence as a whole. Nowadays, taking the advantage of the establishment of the Pan-Beibu Gulf Economic Belt, the Jing people is trying hard to make more progress on its economy and education. In this process, the cultural inheritance and transition become the bond linking the past and present. The school education is an effective way of achieving this bond. Thus, paying more attention to Jing people's education can provide us better ways of inheriting the Jing culture and reforming the school education for Jing peole against the multicultural background.Taking anthropology of education as base and the Jing nationality as target of research, this paper, through sorting out the developments and changes of the Jing nationality's school education under the social vicissitudes, looks into the cultural connotation of its school educational developments, explores the importance of school education to the inheritance of the Jing's traditional culture, and the new ways of school education protecting and promoting the national culture. This research expounds the content, types, targets and conditions of the Jing nationality school educational development, applying fieldwork to interview the local old people so as to look for the characteristics of the ancient Jing national education. This research will also see through the law of the Jing national school education development from the real situation, via contacting the local schools, taking part in the class and students'activities, talking with the school leaders and teachers and interviewing the students. From the perspective of social vicissitudes, this research studies the reasons influencing the Jing's cultural inheritance, and seeks better ways of achieving diversified education of the regions of minorities. This paper will, first of all, analyze the cultural eco system of the Jing nationality from three aspects: the natural environment, the social environment and the cultural environment of the Jing nationality. These three environments supplement each other. The Jing national culture has been developing into ample and special ocean cultural system in such designated natural, social and cultural environments. During the social vicissitudes, this system met and assimilated to other national cultures, realized the nation's cultural self-consciousness within the cultural acculturation, and inherited, developed and created the national culture on the material or spiritual form.Second of all, this paper analyzes the developing process of the Jing national school education under the social vicissitudes: the non-institutionalized educational self-consciousness, and the development of modern Jing national school education. With the key point of cultural perspective, this paper reveals the characteristics of the Jing national school education in the social vicissitudes, and the ways in which the Jing people realized its national cultural identity.Furthermore, this paper will analyze the puzzlement of the modern Jing national school education, refect the problems in the present education of the ethnic minorities, and explore the sulotions. There will be analysis of three issues: the outline and features of the modern Jing national school education, the problems faced by the modern Jing national school education, and the strategies for solving those problems. Via the analysis, this paper will discuss the problems existing in the present minority education in China, and the means and methods of solving these general problems. At present our minority education has problems such as: lack of understanding which leads to difficulty in priority development; single structure which slows down the vocational and adult educations; unreasonable struture of the teaching team with unenough quantity and weak quality; lack of national elements in the curriculum. There are six things to be done for solving the problems above: first, designing diversified cultural curriculum system; second, strengthening the construction of the teaching team through promoting the teachers'diversified cultural education skills; third, developing diversified vocational education; fourth, improving people's educational awareness; fifth, keeping investing national educaiton and improving educational provision; sixth, enhancing the communication of national activities in and out of the schools.The 500-year-long Jing national education development really gives us much thinking about the national education. The core problem of the modern national education is to absorb the good of other great cultures while maintain the core intension of our national culture, and realize the national culture self-consciousness, improving national cultural identity and avoid the gaps between national cultures of different periods of time. Schools, as the position of spreading, developing and creating cultures, are taking such responsibilities and missions. Only that can the national culture freely and freshly presents itself in front of the world.