A Study On Land Reform In Dayaoshan Yao Autonomous Region

The thesis studies land reform in Dayaoshan Yao Autonomous Region in the early years of PRC. Combing through the historical data, we clear out the actual history and the influence to land reform in Dayaoshan Yao Autonomous Region. The study on land reform in Dayaoshan Yao Autonomous Region is helpful to enhance the understanding of land reform in Guangxi in the early years of PRC, especially in minority areas and to deepen the understanding of Guangxi'society at that time .What's more , it has some theoretical and practical significance to current social reforms in rural areas.The thesis briefly reviews the history of Dayaoshan at first. From the Tang Dynasty to the extinguishment of the Qing Dynasty, all the feudal governments did not establish the county unit of administration and only implemented the policy of "divide and rule". The rule forces of the governments at all levels did not penetrate to Dayaoshan. According to the Customary law, the people of Jinxiu Yao Nationality administrated themselves. In the years of RC, Lu Rongting, a power in Guangxi , continued this policy. From the 1930s, the New Guangsi Clique began to enlighten Dayaoshan. Subsequently, they established Kim Su Bureau and implemented Jia System at the grassroots level. The political systems gradually changed, started to occur a double political structure, which combined the mainstream of politics with traditional organizations. After liberation, with the victory of wiping out bandits in Dayaoshan and the working out of the Customary Laws of Unity, the people's government of Guangxi province set up Dayaoshan Yao Autonomous Region in August, 1952.Before liberation, economic relations and land tenure not only have the general characteristics in Han and Zhuang areas, but also its own characteristics. First, from the class point of view, Shanzhu occupied lots of land, but Shanding have little or nothing. There are obvious gaps that possess land between different branches in Shanzhu. From the class point of view, most land are concentrated in the hands of landlords and rich peasants, poor peasants and farm laborers have little or no land. Second, there are several relations of exploiting in Dayaoshan, including tenancy, employment and special"Dayouhuo". Relatively Speaking, land tenure and exploitation have a gap between Dayaoshan and Han and zhuang areas. Because of the land tenure of not equality , most people live a tragic life. Land reform is an inevitable demand and objective need of the history development .Preparation works of land reform, which began in 1951, included wiping out bandits and bullying, working out and implementing the Customary Laws of Unity, making social surveys, holding united front meetings, training cadres, laying down policies, establishing the land reform commission and piloting land reform and so on. The struggle of suppressing bandits got rid of bandits calamities almost 100 years and created a stable society environment. The struggles against bullies stroke heavily the landlords'governing prestige, initially raising political and class awareness of the peasants. By means of working out and implementing the Customary Laws of Unity, the Yao people successfully carried out the campaign for reducing and refunding to promote national unity and development of production. By investigating economic circumstances and class relations, the government of Autonomous Region got the objective bases to take the policies land reform. By holding united front meetings that"Yaolao"and the elite participate in, the government had positive conditions to successfully carry land reform out. The establishment of land reform commission, the train of Yao cadres and workers and the pilot land reform, all these factors created a series of favorable conditions land reform, including the lead structure, the cadres and valuable experiences of accumulating.Land reform was carried out on a large scale from March 22 to April 18, 1954. According to the extent of class division, the Autonomous Region was divided into three types, including more, less and non-content of land reform. Land reform work is divided into five steps: First, mobilize the masses. to improve the Yao people's political consciousness and class consciousness by forming the lead organization, educating them reminding the hardships they experienced before ,holding united front meetings and mass meetings and preaching land reform policy. Second, class division. According to the principle of "the lower, not higher", to divide correctly the class, especially landlords and rich peasants by firstly explaining and appraising the classes through discussion, taking "prudent, moderate, different "struggle ways to fight against landlords and rich peasants. Third, confiscate and collect the properties. Combining with the actual situation, the government worked out concrete principles and practices. Fourth, distribution of land reform's fruits. First of all , to meet the poor peasants of the requirements, and adopted a way of giving each other in different nationalities and branches. Lastly, to issue certificates for land ownership and recognize peasants land ownership, which symbolized the smooth fulfillment of land reform. In non-content rural, the main tasks were to mobilize fully the masses, to adjust the class and land, to issue land certificates, to set off the production peak.The article summarizes three characteristics of land reform in Dayaoshan Yao Autonomous Region: first, to make use of traditional social organization to solve new problems; second, "prudent, moderate, different" struggle ways of land reform; third, to unite"Yaolao"and the elite policies of united front. Land reform is completed successfully and Dayaoshan Yao autonomous region has taken on a new look. Politically, the Yao people's political enthusiasm greatly improved, they have organized to participate in political power, and rural grass-roots further consolidated and developed. Economically, the feudal land ownership is completely abolished, productive enthusiasm of the Yao people was greatly inspired and they took active part in the production of agriculture, so their living standards have been improved significantly. In national relations, the economic foundation of national unity was laid, long-standing ethnic barriers are basically eliminated, equality, solidarity and mutual assistance in Dayaoshan have already become common practices, the new ethnic relations got a popular support. During the land reform, several problems still remained to be solved as follows. Firstly, cadres Low quality of the policies are not allowed, there is a deviation in the implementation; second thought is not fully launched, the backbone of individual class consciousness and political awareness is not high; Third, land reform, supporting the existence of work hazards; Fourth, there is land reform work Rough acting phenomenon.These problems caused a series of negative effects, for example , while dividing class, there is no good adherence to the "the lower, not higher"principle; individual towns did not insist on the united front policy so as to affect the smooth progress of land reform; the Yao people in some places still remained difficult to life and production; allocating fruits again led to new conflicts and disputes because of not being solved problems.