Qing Tumote Regional Development To Fimmigrant Community And Management Strategies For The Qing Govemment

Immigration of Tümed area in late Qing dynasty is one of the important issues in the study of Tümed regional history. After the Opium War, As far as Qing government was concerned, in order to eliminate domestic Taiping Rebellion and foreign aggression as well as the state treasury empty caused by both internal and external trouble , it was most effective for Qing government to implement land policy to expand the tax base, whose content was to cultivate virgin land of Inner Mongolia and migrate in a big way in Inner Mongolia, which promoted local social development of Tümed area bearing the peculiar historical features.Chinese Han nationality immigrants in this period had shown a new stage of the migration characteristics of the new era in its composition , number and type. Under this policy , with another influx of a number of Han Chinese immigrants combined with the original Han Chinese immigrants of several generations of natural reproduction, the population had a dramatic increasing. As a result , some new groups like teacher ,doctor generated. Subjected to heavy feudal oppression and exploitation along with natural disasters however , Han Chinese immigrants bore a desire to look for a better living environment, as a consequence, a new phenomenon that was re-emergence emerged , which is anther new historical feature of this period.Mongolians and Hans mixed together i n Tümed area and lived day and night, so there had long been interaction between Man. Affected and absorbed by each other in culture and life style , there had been national amalgamation in which civilization of Chinese Mongolian and Han Chinese become localization were finished .In late Qing dynasty, Qing government took a number of new policies and measures to govern immigrants of Tümed area. With its basic formation in mid-and late Qing dynasty and further development in late Qing dynasty , a series of new social problems even social contradictions arose in this area. Aiming at those problems , Qing government carried out a bunch of policies : to begin with, restructuring Seven Office, that is , to turn the original five Hall Council Chamber into a Fu Man Hall forming the same organization with the Mainland. Following it , giving formal recognition of the immigrants legal status by compiling household registration to outsiders. Lastly , cultivating virgin land of Inner Mongolia. Due to finishing of the policy o f reclaiming wasteland of mid–Qing dynasty, so in late Qing dynasty the Basic agricultural areas had become. As a result , land ownership of the Han Chinese immigrants was consolidated . At this point, The Qing government succeeded to solve the accumulated problems lasting decades of years in Tümed area , which Marked immigrant community of Tümed area completely formed...